Lawyers School And Salaries Essays - Legal Professions, Lawyer

Lawyers School And Salaries I am entering Georgia Tech as an international affairs major. I hope to enter law school after I graduate and pursue a career in international law. A long term goal of mine is to become a state or federal judge after having experience as a lawyer. Other fields of law that I find interesting are environmental, civil, probate and elder law. I interviewed a lawyer concentrated in the field of civil law. Mr. Douglas Noonan grew up in Louisville, Kentucky and attended the University of Kentucky where he majored in English. Because of his excellent grades and LSAC score he was then accepted to the University of Kentucky Law School. Both Mr. Noonan and I share some common interests: history, politics, foreign languages and English. He also informed me how the practice of law involves a lot of responsibility and time commitment. Often, he works over fifty hours a week in order to analyze new and complex cases. One of my major worries is in the difficulty of raising a family and having such a time consuming job. I would like to have a family with children without having to send them to daycare. Mr. Noonan agreed with me in that it is a big challenge but the respect and confidence that go along with the job are worth it. There is a lot of training required to become a lawyer. Educational requirements are four years in college, three years in law school and completion of the BAR examination. For admission to law school you must also take the LSAC (Law School Admissions Council). It is one of several factors used in assessing students. Mr. Noon agreed the BAR examination was one of the hardest parts in becoming a lawyer. However, to practice law a person must be licensed and admitted to the BAR Association. Competition is fierce to get into law school but there are many schools. Requirements include work in history, English, political science and foreign language. Transcripts, scores from the LSAC, letters of recommendation, personality, leadership qualities and extracurricular activities in college are all evaluated. Even though money is not a reason to choose a career, a lawyer's salary can be fairly high. Even though there is extreme competition for jobs there also will be a continuing demand. The average salary of a practicing lawyer is around $78,170. However, Mr. Noonan earns way above this figure. This is because he has his own practice located in Roswell, Georgia. The highest paid lawyers work for typical legal services firms or for the federal government. It can take a while for increase in salary since the median salary of a lawyer six months after graduation from law school is only $45,000. Salary also varies greatly from practice to where the lawyer works geographically. Mr. Noonan educated me on how there are many different types of lawyers. Lawyers act as advocates by either representing their clients or presenting evidence in trial or by counseling their client concerning legal rights. The career of a lawyer is also high specialized. Mr. Noonan informed me many lawyers spend most of their time outside the courtroom, while others do not. In order to pursue my goal to become a judge he recommended I specialize in trial work to become familiar with the courtroom. I can move on from there to become a judge. Because judges apply the law, their decisions often affect the daily lives of many people. They often have to make life changing decisions as when deciding the guilt or innocence of a criminal. However, almost all judges work just as a lawyer before being appointed as a judge. I also might possibly want to become employed as a lawyer for the government. Lawyers who work for the state or federal government play a key role in the criminal justice sys tem. Law is the most appealing area of work for me. I want to become a lawyer or judge and will be happy to reach this goal. I hope my grades and LSAC score will permit me to take the next steps in becoming a lawyer. By interviewing Mr. Noonan, I was able to realize this is the best career path for me. Bibliography none Movies and

OCD essays

OCD essays An estimated four million Americans have Obsessive-compulsive disorder, which includes 1,000,000 children and adolescents. These people with OCD are slaves to their rituals, and their rituals begin to take over their lives. Stephanie, an eighteen year old, had trouble with math because of her OC D. If I got to number seventeen on the math test, I would have to tap my pencil seventeen times. (Weiskopf, Catherine. Understanding Obsessive-compulsive disorders.) Stephanies situation shows that obsessive-compulsive disorder influences the development of children. Children and adolescents with OCD end up with emotional and social developmental problems. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an unrelenting pattern of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are unwanted ideas or thoughts that repeatedly are on the individuals mind. Typical obsessions are fear of dirt or contamination; concern with order; constantly thinking about certain images, sounds, words, or numbers; and fear of harming a family member or a loved one. Compulsions are preformed intentionally to reduce the anxiety or discomfort brought on by obsessions. Common compulsions are excessive hand washing, checking to make sure of something repeatedly, arranging items in precise order, counting over and over, and touching certain objects several times. The exact causes of Obsessive-compulsive disorder are unclear, but an adequate amount of evidence shows that the illness is linked to a disturbance in the functioning of the brain. An imbalance of serotonin (a naturally occurring brain chemical) is thought to be a cause of OCD. There is evidence to suggest that a particular circuit in the brain is involved in OCD. Other research has indicated that the volume of certain structures within the brain may be greater in individuals with OCD than in those without the disorder. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, Tourette Sy...

Postnatal Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postnatal Depression - Essay Example Single parentism or inadequate social support increases the burden to be borne by mothers in terms of their own health as well as monetary risks. Such a condition automatically causes mothers to show lesser positive, sensitive and responsiveness towards their babies. They develop more negative emotions and in worst cases thoughts of harming the children also persist. To conclude mothers with financial problems and lack of social security show greater tendency to develop PPD indicating that PPD is not a mental illness. The maternal mood is assessed using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)-- the higher scaling indicating PPD as maximum and less scaling indicating minimum range. Women with PPD exhibit inconsistent child caring attitudes resulting in poor coping strategies (Murray and Cooper 1997). PPD women less likely respond to the sickness or necessities of the infant, or persuade the child with eating habits, less interest in breast feeding/healthy feeding or sleeping habits of their infants. This care less attitude with less sensitive and less positive interactions act as potential impedance in building a strong mutual emotional bond between the parents and the infant coupled with poor infant health and slowed physical growth like low birth weight. According to Murray (1992) PPD itself influences all dimensions of the mother's life. It is known to affect mother's physical functioning, physical role, mental health, emotional role, social functioning, vitality, and also her general health. To conclude the PPD mothers are not fully equipped in providing justice to parenthood of a new born. Under such circumstances fathers have a vital role to play where h is presence probably buffering the situation tries to compensates the mother-infant relationship strained by PPD, establishing a joyful and affectionate bond with secured child-father attachment. However much studies and investigation in knowing about father-infant relationship is much under due. Effects of PPD on infants The intensity of PPD depends on its severity and duration. The recent psychiatric studies have revealed that young children are sensitive to their parent's affection and their parental attachment depends on their past intimacy. Hence apart from the genetics, personal interaction between the parent-child, play a major role in the psychological outcome of the child where infants at their young age adapt and respond well to their parents behaviors and interactions. Tests conducted have shown that boy babies are more sensitive to PPD impacts in comparison with girl babies and this vulnerability continues with time. According to Rutter (1989) the impact of PPD on infants could be i) It could shed direct deleterious effects on the child ii) indirect impact through interpersonal behavior in general and in parenting in particular iii) Through social adversity associated with psychiatric

How does light and sound travel in water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

How does light and sound travel in water - Essay Example Usually, temperature varies from about 28Â °F around either North and South poles, or 90Â °F or above near the Equator or around the Tropics. Salinity or saltiness of the sea water, differs roughly from 32 to 38 ppt. Its impact on sound waves or sound speed is often minor, but salinity rates by the virtue of its location—for instance, near the land or masses of sea ice—can have remarkable impact. In constant coefficients, change in speed of sound through temperature changes increases by +3 meters per second; while there is approximately +.5 meters per second per change in 30 meters in sea depth; and by change of per ppt. salinity, about +1.2 meters per second; The SSP, or sound speed profile, is used to measure the combined effects of temperature, salinity and depth in relation to sound speeds. It is a vertical column of water consisting of an iso-speed layer (also called the mixed surface layer). Under it, there is a seasonal thermocline which measures down to 250 meters; and below, the larger main thermocline. Due to the changes of the water’s temperature, there exist variations in the SSP. Under the main thermocline, the temperature is usually constant. Also, because of depth, changes in pressure slowly increase and therefore give the dominant impact on the SSP. Absorption occurs when the energy in the sound waves is absorbed by the water itself, as sound moves through a body of water. It is followed by the shrinking of the original sound waves’ magnitude (amplitude). Light also travels in water, as sounds do, since it goes in waves. Water absorbs light and its different wavelengths at different values depending on the depth of the body of water, or the clarity or turbidity of the water. The speed of light depends on the optical density of the water—and light travels more slowly in water than it does in air. As water absorbs light, it reduces the light’s quantity and

Cognitive and Physical Changes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive and Physical Changes - Research Paper Example The two primary physical changes that a person faces in the middle adulthood are weakness in sight and sound. Firstly, in the beginning of this phase visual acuity, which is the ability to detect fine details in both close and distant objects, begins to decline (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2009). The reason for it is given by the change in shape and elasticity of eye lenses. Lenses become less transparent which mitigates the amount of light entering in it. Moreover, a decline also occurs in depth and distance perception which is the ability to see the world in three dimensions and in dark. The second impairment occurs in hearing sense. The primary loss is for the sound of high frequency which is popularly known as ‘presbycusis’ (Willis & Martin, 2005). It usually happens that one of the ears is impaired more than the other which reduces sound localization. Sound localization is the ability to detect the origin of the sound. The reason for this harm is loss of hair cells in the inner ear. Moreover, the ear drum becomes less elastic with age. Physical changes are accompanied by cognitive changes as well. Cognitive ability of a person is the intelligence that a person posses. It can be segmented into two types namely, fluid and crystallized. Fluid intelligence which is the ability to process new concepts and facts quickly and innovatively, independent of prior education, peaks during adolescence and then gradually declines between the ages of 30 to 40. Second change occurs in the crystallized intelligence. It is the bulk of information, skills and strategies that people have obtained through education and use of fluid intelligence. This intelligence increases with age. Facts like mathematical formulas, vocabulary knowledge and dates of various events are easier to remember. Although people score high in young adulthood as compared to middle

Pluralist Elitist and Marxist Theories of the State

Pluralist Elitist and Marxist Theories of the State The three disparate theories of the state, namely the Elitist, the Pluralist and the Marxist theories are briefly discussed in the essay. They are also compared and contrasted in detail, highlighting each of their strengths and weaknesses. Introduction There are three positions through which a state can be examined. The Pluralist concept of the state mentions that the state is neutral relatively, and a number of power centers exist in a state. According to the Marxist theory, the state serves as an instrument for the rich and the bourgeois classes, who attempt constantly to suppress the working classes or the proletariat for its own personal interests. On the other hand, the belief of the Elitist theory is that the state contains two different aspects, violence and territoriality. Thus, modern states of the 20th and 21st centuries often resort to violence within its borders. The modern state is like a committee which manages the common issues of the bourgeoisie. (Marx Engels, 1985) Marxism The proponent of the Marxist theory, Karl Marx, was of the opinion that most of the political power of the society is controlled by the bourgeois class. The modern state is also extremely reliant on credits and taxes. Most of the credits and taxes are also borne by the bourgeois class. Whats more, the media such as newspapers or television is also controlled by the bourgeois. This makes it easier for the bourgeois to enter politics and succeed in politics. The bourgeois state serves as a mutual insurance pact which protects the interests of the bourgeois class at the expense of the exploited class (McLellan, 1971) Marx was also the opinion that the bourgeois was basically using the modern state for enhancing the lifestyle and prospects of the capitalist class of the society. One of the famous quotes from the Communist manifesto, Marx Engels (1985. p.82) states The executive of the modern State is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie. Marx also believed that communism was the best solution for such a capitalist society. The conflict among the classes keeps increasing as the capitalism in the state develops, since the interests of the bourgeois are furthered by the state in capitalism. Furthermore, capitalism also facilitates the bourgeoisie to give concessions to the proletariat, in scenarios where there is a social instability. The welfare state of the Scandinavian regions is something similar to the Marxist view of the state. Concessions such as unemployment benefits, free education, free health check and pension schemes are given by the bourgeois to the proletariat in certain Scandinavian states. Pluralism The Pluralist view of the state is completely different from the Marxist view. The Pluralist does not believe that the state is essentially conflicting in nature, as the Marxist and the Elitist schools of thought believe. Rather, the Pluralist view of the state is that it is neutral in nature; it is also believed that the state is susceptible to a number of influences from various groups in the society. The modern state therefore is not only dominated by one class, that is the capitalist or the bourgeoisie class, which dominates the political power, as believed by the Marxist theory; the modern state is rather a type of framework from wherein a variety of interests of the society can be reconciled. The concept of the state according to the Pluralist view is also that there can be various sources of political power. Therefore, not a single group can have monopoly of political power, according to the Pluralists. Although the capitalist class can have a very strong foothold in the society, they cannot however have complete dominance over the working class, as proposed by the Marxists. The proletariats can extend their power through labor unions or trade unions. Since the capitalist class cannot do without the labor class, the working class also exerts a strong influence on the capitalist class, according to the Pluralists. The modern state is not actually an instrument by which one class can dominate over the other class. Its rather a framework which helps in the reconciliation of diverse society interests (Schwarzmantel, 1994; Schwarzmantel, 1987; Dunleavy OLeary, 1987). The pluralist model can easily explain employee organizations and trade unions. Since organizations and trade unions have the power over the government, the politicians, trade unions, businesses and the proletariat have a share in the state power. The power is dispersed among the government, the organizations and the labor unions as well, proving once again that the neutrality of the state according to the Pluralist view is also valid. Elitist The Elitist theory was put forward by Max Weber. In his view, the state is used as an instrument through which some groups of a state control the other groups. Hence, the Elitist view of the state is quite similar to the Marxist view of the state. However, the central difference between the theory of Weber and the Marxist view is that the Elitist believes in the idea of legitimacy. For example, people follow the rules of the government because they believe that the government or the state is legitimate. However, Marxists believe that the state itself should be abolished since it is not legitimate. The Elitist concept of the state also lays emphasis on bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is one of the most effective methods of organizing the modern state. Weber also believes that the bureaucrats form a group of elites. This group of bureaucrats is extremely political in nature, and has the specialist knowledge which the politicians do not possess. The state symbolizes the relation of men who dominate men. This domination is supported through legitimate violence. If the state has to exist, the ones who are dominated must obey the authority of the dominant group (Gerth Mills, 1967). Another contrasting point between the Elitists and the Marxists and Pluralists is that the Pluralists and Marxists believe the state to have specific function. For the Marxists, the working classes are suppressed while for the pluralists; different groups of society are reconciled. However for the Elitists, the state cannot be defined in straightforward terms since the state performs several tasks and has two defining features, territoriality and violence. If certain groups have the right to use force over its territory, its because the state has granted the rights. Politics is all about the power struggle, according to Weber. Power is defined by Weber as a tool to make someone perform a task which he otherwise wouldnt have performed (Lassman, 2000; de Jasay, 1985). Conclusion The Pluralist, Marxists and Elitist concept of the state essentially contains a different kind of political conception. Marx believed that politics is actually a class conflict, and further adds that political relations can be transformed into economic ones. The Elitist theory of Weber also has a similar thought process. Marxists propose that politics is about the fight for power, however Weber disagrees with the viewpoint of Marx, since he doesnt agree that the Marxist view of reducing politics to a class struggle and economic factors. Weber is an elitist since Weber emphasizes the significance of a strong political leadership (Held, 1989; Dunleavy OLeary, 1987). However, the concepts of Weber and the Marxist are quite elitist in nature, which sharply contrasts with the Pluralist view of the state. The Pluralists believe that the state is not exclusively controlled by the bourgeois or the bureaucrats; rather its the dynamics of various social groups which ultimately impacts the fabric of the state. Then again, the Pluralist viewpoint has certain similarities with the elitist viewpoints since both of them believe that several sources of political power impact the state, unlike the Marxist view which believes that economic factors determine the political dynamics of the state. All in all, all the viewpoints of the Pluralist, the Marxist and the Elitist, helped define and understand the true nature of the state more deeply. Although each of them has their own unique way of interpreting the workings of the state, all of them give a true picture of some of the dimensions of the state.

The Day of Infamy :: Imagery Terror Terrorism 9/11 Essays

The Day of Infamy Erupting on a crisp September morning, terrorist attacks bring America to a standstill. As the day began, it was an average Tuesday morning and New Yorkers as well as the rest of United States Citizens had no idea that in a matter of moments their city and their lives would be changed forever. People were doing what they had done thousands of times before. Some were on their way to work; while others were sitting at their desks, checking e-mail, sipping coffee or reading the morning paper. Out of the clear blue sky an airplane was hijacked and was heading for the twin tower. People heard an approaching noise and then all of a sudden a loud explosion! The twin towers of the World Trade Center were the symbols of Americas prosperity. Dr. Stefan Pasternack, a clinical professor of Georgetown University who specializes in the impact of terrorism and murder says: Its one thing to think of a truck blowing up in front of a building. This involved the use of civilian aircraft-the imagery is much more frightening. What we see here is what terrorism is all about. The idea is to make people feel that they cannot feel protected by their government (Black Tuesday 20). With World War II being a fight for national survival, terrorism is the struggle to preserve national values and stand for what we, as Americans, believe. As president Bush stated, Terrorists attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America (Black Tuesday 12). The attacks on our nation nearly brought America to a halt. Around the world security was tightened. Air travel stopped, businesses closed and government facilities were evacuated Tuesday morning of September eleventh. For the first time in United States history, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) shut down air traffic nationwide. There were many incoming flights from around the world, carrying anywhere from four thousand to six thousand passengers, that were diverted to Canada. Authoriti es shut down all the tunnels and bridges in and out of New York City. All train services were shut down and many shipping ports were also closed down. The most memorable image of September eleventh was the Twin Towers that were engulfed in smoke and flames. Over and over the Towers flashed across Television screens and on the front pages of newspapers.

Dirt Bikes

Selected Financial Data We have provided a spreadsheet with three worksheets containing Dirt Bikes financial data for you to review [see Dirt Bikes Financial Data. xls]: Income statement and summary balance sheet data from 2007-2009 Annual sales of each Dirt Bikes model between 2005 and 2009 Total domestic vs. international motorcycle sales between 2005 and 2009 The income statement and balance sheet are the primary financial statements used by management to determine how well a firm is performing.The income statement, also called an operating statement or profit and loss statement, shows the income and expenses of a firm over a period of time, such as a year, a quarter, or a month. The gross profit represents the difference between the firm’s revenue (or sales) and the cost of goods sold. The gross margin is calculated by dividing gross profit by revenues (or sales). Net profit (or loss) is calculated by subtracting all other expenses, including operating expenses and income taxes from gross profit.Operating expenses are all business costs (such as expenditures for sales and marketing, general and administrative expenditures, and depreciation) other than those included in the cost of goods sold. Net margins are calculated by dividing net profit (or loss) by revenues (or sales). A balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company’s financial assets and liabilities on a given date, usually the close of an accounting period. It lists what material and intangible assets the business owns and what money the business owes either to its creditors (liabilities) or to its owners (shareholders’ equity, also known as net worth).We have included here are only the most important pieces of balance sheet data for you to review. At any given time a business’s assets equals the sum of its liabilities plus its net worth. Current assets include cash, securities, accounts receivable, or other investments that are likely to be converted into cash within on e year. Current liabilities are debts that are due within one year. Long-term debt consists of liabilities that are not due until after a year or more.If too much debt has been used to finance the firm’s operations, problems may arise in meeting future interest payments and repaying outstanding loans. By examining a series of financial statements one can identify and analyze trends in the financial strength of a business. When examining Dirt Bikes’ income statement and balance sheet data, pay special attention to the company’s three-year trends in revenue (sales), costs of goods sold, gross margins, operating expenses, and net income (or loss). Pay attention to whether the company’s short and long-term liabilities are growing and whether they exceed assets.If a company has more current assets than current liabilities, it is a sign that it probably has enough working capital to fund investments in new equipment or information systems. The two other spreads heets present motorcycle shipment data between 2005 and 2009, which can be used to gauge motorcycle sales. When examining these spreadsheets, pay attention to the trends in sales. This includes the sales trends for each product Dirt Bikes sells, overall sales trends, and the proportion of international to domestic sales.

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Your values are the core of what your organization is and what your organization cherishes. Values are beliefs that manifest in how an employee interacts in a workplace. Values represent an employees most significant commitments to what he or she finds most important in life. (Values are also known as core values and as governing values; they all refer to the same sentiment. ) Value statements are developed from your values and define how people want to behave with each other in the organization. Your value statements provide a measuring device against which you evaluate all of your actions and behaviors. Your value statements give words and meaning to the values that you decide to live by daily. Value statements are declarations about how the organization will value customers, suppliers, and the internal community. Value statements describe actions that are the living enactment of the fundamental values held by most individuals within the organization. The values of each of the individuals in your workplace, along with their experiences, upbringing, and so on, meld together to form your corporate culture. The values of your senior leaders are especially important in the development of your culture. These leaders have a lot of power in your organization to set the course and establish the quality of the environment for people. Your leaders have selected employees who they believe have congruent values and fit your workplace culture. The Impact of Your Personal Values If you think about your own life, your values form the cornerstones for all that you do, think, believe, and accomplish. Your personal values define where you spend your time, if you are truly living your values. Each of you makes choices in life according to your most important four – ten values. Why not take the time to identify what is most important to you and to your organization? Identify and live your values. Manifest your values through value statements. Why Identify and Establish Values? Effective organizations identify and develop a clear, concise and shared meaning of values/beliefs, priorities, and direction so that every employee understands and can contribute. Once defined, values impact every aspect of your organization. You must support and nurture the impact of these values and value statements or identifying values will have been a wasted exercise. Employees will feel fooled and misled unless they see the impact of the values and value statements within your organization. Create Impact Through Values and Value Statements If you want the values you identify and the value statements you craft to have an impact within your organization, the following must occur. * Employees must demonstrate and model these values in action in their personal work behaviors, decision making, contribution, and interpersonal interaction. * Organizational values help each person establish priorities in their daily work life. Priorities and actions must be grounded in the organizations values and model the value statements identified for each employees job. * Values guide every decision that is made once the organization has cooperatively created the values and the value statements. * Rewards and recognition within the organization are structured to recognize those people whose work embodies the values and the value statements that the organization identified and embraced. * Organizational goals are grounded in the identified values. Employees have identified how their goals and actions are congruent with and demonstrate the values daily. * Adoption of the values and the behaviors that result is recognized in regular performance feedback. * People hire and promote individuals whose outlook and actions are congruent with the organizations values. Only the active participation of all members of the organization, plus the development of the systems and processes of the organization grounded in the companys values, will ensure a truly organization-wide, value-based, shared culture. Sample Values The following are examples of values: ambition, competency, individuality, equality, integrity, service, responsibility, accuracy, respect, dedication, diversity, improvement, enjoyment/fun, loyalty, credibility, honesty, innovativeness, teamwork, excellence, accountability, empowerment, quality, efficiency, dignity, collaboration, stewardship, empathy, accomplishment, courage, wisdom, independence, security, challenge, influence, learning, compassion, friendliness, discipline/order, generosity, persistence, optimism, dependability, flexibility. Although important aspects of your life and deserving of your attention, these are not values: family, church, professionalism. If you define what you value about each of these, then you are identifying the core value. For example, the core value in family might be close relationships; in church, spirituality; and in professionalism, demonstrating integrity in everything you do. Use this additional list of values as a thought-starter for your values identification process. Businesses have two types of environments: internal and external. Each serve a different purpose in the business world but also have the potential to directly impact and influence employees in the workplace. By understanding what external environments are, we can discover how and why they influence employee behavior. ? External Environment * A businesss external environment consists of elements and variables that exist outside of an organizations structure but can still impact the organizations practices, processes, operations and, of course, their employees. External environments include, but are not limited to, economical, technological, environmental and stakeholder variables. These are the most general types of external environments. However, depending on the nature of the business, there may be other types of external environments that the organization identifies through environmental scanning techniques. Economic Effects on Employees * The reason employees can be influenced by the external economical environment is because these elements have a direct impact on a businesss operations and ability to perform. In turn, it can affect how an organization manages their employees. According to the International Development Research Centre, economic environments can impact an organizations willingness to continue with projects. Things such as inflation and labor laws can hinder organizational growth, thereby affecting employee morale, motivation and commitment. * Sponsored Links * Develop self-confidence using the Latest mind tools with NLP International life coaches nlptrainingmasters. com/self-development Technological Effects on Employees * It is important to understand the relationship that technology has on a businesss ability to operate effectively and efficiently. Technological advances in the external environment can have a positive effect on employees. Newer, progressive technology can create easier work environments that make employees jobs more efficient. As a result, employee behavior may be positively influenced. But technology can also serve as a threat to businesses, depending on the industry. If technological advances pose a risk to a company, the effect it has on employee behavior will most likely be negative, as employees may respond with fear and anxiety. Social Effects on Employees * According to the Institutional Assessment, Charles Lusthaus, Gary Anderson and Elaine Murphy contend that social forces have profound influence on employee behavior. What happens in the social external environment can affect how employees feel toward their jobs, how motivated they are to perform and produce and what they value. Social stressors can induce negative employee behaviors, even if employees do not feel negatively about their work. But the opposite is also true. If employees are satisfied with the social environment, they may be more apt to perform and produce in the workplace. Stakeholder Effects on Employees * The International Development Research Centre contends that most institutions and businesses are dependent for their survival on various groups of stakeholders. The stakeholder environment consists of people and organizations that are external to the business, but are directly concerned with the organization and its performance. They have a personal interest, and oftentimes an investment, in the organization, which drives their involvement. The reason stakeholders can influence employee behavior is because stakeholders can impact where a business goes, what the budgets are, what the funding can be used for and other types of operational controls. This type of control can be discouraging for employees, especially if their salaries are affected by stakeholder decisions or if there are layoffs or organizational restructuring. To effectively sell a product or service, organizations have to know how consumers behave with regard to what they buy. The study of consumer behavior involves examining what products certain types of consumers buy and when and how consumers decide among products. As a small business owner, understanding how your customers buy your products and services will help you grow your business by responding to their needs. Marketing Organizations often study consumer behavior to determine when, how and where they should market their products and services. For example, if you know people tend to choose office supplies by familiar brands, you are going to try to make your office supply brand a household name, creating commercials, social media pages and promotions for your product. However, if you are selling textbooks that only graduate students buy, you probably wont spend as much time with commercials and will focus more time hanging posters in graduate schools and becoming Facebook friends with graduate programs. Product Development Consumer behavior helps organizations decide what products and services to manufacture or offer. When they know what customers buy and how they go about buying those products, organizations can more easily spot a need that has not yet been satisfied. If you run a technology company and notice that many of your customers buy educational software from college bookstores in early fall and spring, you may recognize that your customers could use a place to buy and automatically download educational software online. According to the Harvard Business Review, most organizations must learn as much as they can about consumers and what types of products they purchase to come up with a winning idea. Customer Service When you know how customers behave in relation to the products youre selling, you have a better understanding of how to provide good service to them, increasing the chance that youll have repeat customers. For example, if you know that customers tend to come to your restaurant because they can get healthy food without waiting for a long time, you should continue training your wait staff to be as efficient as possible. Gathering Consumer Behavior Data Gather some consumer behavior data by simply analyzing the sales information you already have. For example, you can see whether most of your products are purchased with cash or credit card. If you have a clock on your register, you know when people tend to shop in your store. However, you shouldnt limit yourself to this information. The most valuable information comes from in-depth answers from your consumers about their spending. Focus groups, surveys and one-on-one interviews are good ways to get information about consumer behavior. Encourage consumers to participate in these methods by offering rewards, such as a contest entry or discount, for survey completion or focus group participation.

Community Problem essays

Community Problem essays Till recently, the community I live in was primarily a residential, middle class neighborhood that enjoyed a feeling of peace and security in what was seen as a safe district. Today, that same community is increasingly worried about a growing problem of juvenile delinquency caused by the commercial and low cost residential developments in next-door areas. While the community is concerned about juvenile delinquency leading to a higher crime rate, there is also worry over negative influences impacting younger members given the inevitable intermingling of children in schools The signs of juvenile delinquency first manifested itself in the appearance of graffiti in what was earlier a green, pristinely clean neighborhood; the seemingly aimless loitering of congregations of youth (youth gangs) at street corners, in malls and parks; and stray incidents of reported burglaries. At first, the tendency was to ignore the signs of change but when the frequency of such incidents began rising, disturbing the historically safe and peaceful pattern of community life, the community collectively began to perceive that it was faced with the problem of juvenile delinquency. In fact, it would be of interest to note that though there is no official definition, the situation nevertheless meets three out of the six criteria that are commonly used to identify a community problem: frequency; duration; scope or range; disruption of personal or community life; deprivation of legal and moral rights; and problem perception Having said that, while there was enough tangible evidence to define loss of safety as a community problem, there was reason to doubt the veracity of the worry over younger community members getting negatively impacted by the juvenile delinquents in district schools and surrounding ...

Sustainable approaches to animal behaviour and welfare research Essay

Sustainable approaches to animal behaviour and welfare research - Essay Example iotic relationship since time immemorial, the other side of the coin that animal too have feelings and superior intelligence have just started dawning on humankind. The nineteenth and the twentieth century saw animals being treated as commodities and exploited without remorse as beasts of burden, as a source of food and entertainment for man, and for biological research in order to search for the secrets of life and cures for debilitating diseases. Voices started being raised for animal welfare during the latter half of the twentieth century when people from some sections of society observed the cruelty being meted out to the poor creatures. Soon, volunteer and social organizations for animal welfare cropped up in all parts of the world and research activities were directed towards the investigation and formulation of better animal welfare policies and initiation of endeavours to stop cruelty on animals started being conceived. Animal welfare science has developed over the last few years as a specialist entity and has come to be recognised as an interdisciplinary effort (Lund et al, 2006). However, the authors feel that it has till now bean the mainstay of representatives of natural sciences only and needs to adopt a broader interdisciplinary perspective to increase its horizon of activity (Lund et al, 2006). The concerns for animal welfare are being addressed internationally by organizations such as the OIE (Office Internatio nal des Epizooties) which provides the international trade agreements for animal welfare and the control of diseases in domesticated farm animals (Lund et al, 2006). The authors feel that the time has arrived when the discipline of animal welfare should encompass a broader horizon by making it a trans-disciplinary subject, as so far it has stayed within the confines of natural sciences only. Animal psychology, ethics, politics and economics too need to be brought into the perspective of animal welfare science according to the authors (Lund et

The Religious and Social Perspective on Living Aspects of Humankind Research Paper

The Religious and Social Perspective on Living Aspects of Humankind - Research Paper Example Lewis uses politics in the first letter to replace reason, and show the prevalence of propaganda in the current society (Lewis 8). The year 1941 has been used as a case that depicts actual propaganda, affecting religion and world politics. Screwtape’s letter stands as one of the most non-religious societies where the evils of both worlds and entities are considered outdated and logical minds do not consider them in their lifestyles. Referring to the Bible, Lewis claims that we used to encounter evils and temptations from Satan and his followers as a daily strive. The patient in the first and second Screwtape’s letters has been converted from a Christian to believing the assumptions and thoughts presented in the letters. Lewis mentions to Wormwood that they must keep on working on his mind. Propaganda is further instilled in the fifth and seventh letters with reference made to war and the condition of the human mind. The patient’s engagement is used to corrupt his thinking and adopt their culture. Implying that the World wars are still occurring, Lewis makes note of the spiritual and physical aspects of the human body. The spiritual conflict had been in our lifestyles, starting from when Christians were converted. Lewis uses full propaganda words to replace reason and explain the tribulations of the last days. The tribulations have been manipulated to overshadow the logic of Christianity and the sanity of today’s world politics (Lewis 11). According to Lewis, humankind undergoes continuous suffering phases in our lives for no apparent reason (Lewis 17).