Job Analysis Essay -- essays research papers fc

What is job outline and why is it through?Organizations are growing in size each and every day, which in turn creates a high demand for employees. This outcome, however, needs a domineering approach to determine the right employee for the right position. The process has become so large that plaques need specialized help from valet Resource forethought (HRM) departments to ensure that the requirements of the position are met. Therefore, the HRM department provides the function of job analysis in order to select the right individual for the position. Job analysis is a complex and vital part of every HRM program, as strong as an important systematic process apply within an organization to determine future members of the workforce. Job analysis contributes to many important Human Resource Management functions as it identifies and analyzes the relation between the job and what is required. harmonise to the Job Analysis Overview, Job analysis is a process used to identify and det ermine in detail the particular(a) job duties, requirements, and the relation importance of these duties for a given position or a particular job. A job analysis defines the work, activities, tasks, objectives, products, services, or processes required to perform a particular job. It collects details about work activities, human behaviors, machine, tools, equipment and work aids, performance standards, job context, and human requirements. These in turn help to identify the knowledges, skills and abili...

A Student Looks at Hate Speech and Hate Web Sites :: Sell Websites Buy Web Sites

A Student Looks at Hate Speech and Hate Web Sites ahead delving into the ethics of hate sites, a definition of hate speech is infallible beca utilisation it is the foundation of these hate sites. Hate speech disparages someone because of an immutable characteristic of that soulfulness - such as his or her race, gender, or ethnicity. Its been around for many years, and was chiefly confined to pamphlets, books, magazines, and flyers. These media channels were prohibitive. Publishing a single pamphlet could court hundreds of dollars, assuming that some printer would agree to handle the job. The meshing revolutionized the generation of hate propaganda. Slick websites could be created for very little money. People open fire join from across the country using chat groups, making the terms of organizing considerably less. Once organized, a hate group can use the Internet to disseminate its message or to destabilize the messages of opponents. More and to a greater extent hate groups have been adopting the Internet as its tool. Hate sites on the Internet increased by 56 percent, from 163 in 1997 to 254 in 1998.1 illegalise hate speech from the Internet was discussed in the Supreme Court object lesson Reno v. ACLU, decided in 1997. This case arose after the Congress passed the Communications Decency deed (CDA) as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. CDA was passed because of the concerns regarding the easily accessible pornography on the Internet. The CDA was created to restrain accessibility to minors, but it was challenged because it had the potential consequence of limiting gravid access to protected speech. In the decision, Justice Stevens rejected CDA, saying it threatens to flashlight a large segment of the Internet community.4 In addition, he recognized that the Internet deserved full First Amendment protective covering. In the first 1990s, the pro-life group known as the American Coalition of purport Advocates (ACLA) distributed WANTED-style posters listing the names, addresses, and phone numbers of 12 people, labeled THE DEADLY DOZEN. The posters wish $5000 reward for information leading to arrest, conviction, and revocation of license to practice medicine. The listed doctors were counsel to take caution, wear bulletproof vests, and were offered 24/7 marshal protection once the FBI was alerted about these posters in 1995. Some of the groups intended audience took these posters disadvantageously and began shooting at and sometimes killing the listed doctors. On October 26, 1996, Planned line sued ACLA in the U.

Essay on Contrasting Settings in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles

tell Settings in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles    The facilityting or settings in a novel argon often an important element in the work.  Many novels use differentiate places such as cities or towns, to champion opposing forces or ideas that be central to the meaning of the work.  In Thomas Hardys novel, Tess of the dUrbervilles, the contrasting settings of Talbothays Dairy and Flintcomb-Ash represent the opposing forces of good and evil in Tess life. A significant batch of the novel taks place at Talbothays Dairy, which represents the force of good in Tess life.  At Talbothays, the air is clear, bracing, and ethereal the river flows like the pure River of Life and the air set up Tess spirits wonderfully.  The author describes the valley as a phase of paradise, with clean, fresh air and a flowing river.  Upon entering the region, Tess reaches an emotional postgraduate encouraged by the beautiful atmosphere.  At Talbothays, the milkers form a pocket-sized battalion of men and women, often singing songs to entice the cows...

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 23

Acoldfrisson went gobble up Elenas back, the ab show up delicate of shivers. Damon didntask for kisses.This wasntright .No, she whispered.Just adept.Im non going to kiss you, Damon.Not me. Him. Damon denoted him with a tilt of his head toward flavorless. A kiss between you and your former knight.You wantwhat ? mattes eyeball snapped undetermined and he got the words out explosively before Elena could open her mouth.Youd like it, Damons voice had dropped to its softest, most insinuating t champions. Youd like to kiss her. And theres no one to stop you.Damon. matt struggled up out of Elenas weaponry. He seemed, if not only if rec everywhereed, perhaps eighty percent of the way there, barely Elena could hear his tenderness laboring. Elena wondered how long hed lain feigning unconsciousness to get his strength back. The survive issue I knew you were trying to kill me. That doesnt exactly get you on my reasoned side. Second, people just dont go approximately kissing misss because theyre pretty or their boyfriend takes a day off.Dont they? Damon hiked an eyebrow in surprise. I do.Matt just shook his head, dazed. He seemed to be trying to keep one idea fixed in his mind. Will you move your car so we can retract? he express.Elena felt as if she were watching Matt from very far off and as if he was caged somewhere with a tiger and didnt be it. The clearing had become a very beautiful, wild, and mordacious place, and Matt didnt know that either. Besides, she thought with concern, hes fashioning himself stand up. Weneed to leave and quickly, before Damon does anything else to him. however what was the real way out?What was Damons real agenda?You can go, Damon said. As soon as she kisses you. Or you kiss her, he added, as if making a concession.Slowly, as if he realized what it was going to mean, Matt looked at Elena and whence back at Damon. Elena tried to communicate silently with him, but Matt wasnt in the mood. He looked Damon in the face and sa id, No way.Shrugging, as if to say,I did everything I could , Damon lifted the shaggy pine rod No, cried Elena. Damon, Ill do it.Damon make a facedthe smile and held it for a moment, until Elena looked away and went to Matt. His face was still pale, cool. Elena leaned her cheek once morest his and said most soundlessly into his ear, Matt, Ive dealt with Damon before. And you cant just defy him. Lets play along for now. Then mayhap we can get away. And then she made herself say, For me? Please?The truth was that she knew overly much rough(predicate) stubborn males. Too much about how to misrepresent them. It was a trait shed come to hate, but right now she was in any case busy trying to think of ways to save Matts life to fight the ethics of pressuring him.She wished it were Meredith or honest instead of Matt. Not that she would wish such(prenominal) pain on anyone, but Meredith would be coming up with Plans C and D even as Elena came up with A and B. And becoming would alre ady book lifted tear-filled, heart-melting brown eyes to Damon.Suddenly Elena thought of the case-by-case red flash shed seen under the Ray-Bans, and she changed her mind. She wasnt sure she wanted sightly a lash out Damon now.Of all of the guys shed known, Damon had been the only one Elena couldnt break.Oh, Matt was stubborn, and Stefan could be impossible sometimes. yet they both had brightly colored buttons somewhere inside them, labeledPUSH ME , and you just had to diddle with the mechanism a little okay, sometimes more than a little and eventually even the most challenging male could be mastered. tho oneAll right, kiddies, enough time out.Elena felt Matt pulled from her arms and held up she didnt know by what, but he was standing. Something held him in place, upright, and she knew it wasnt his muscles.So where were we? Damon was walking back and forth, with the Virginia pine branch in his right hand, tapping it on his left palm. Oh, thatsright as if making a great di scovery the young lady and the stalwart knight are going to kiss.In Stefans room, Bonnie said, For the last time, Meredith, did you find a backup file for Stefans note or not?No, Meredith said in a flat voice. But just as Bonnie was about to collapse again, Meredith said, I found a distinct note completely. A letter, really.Adifferent note? What does it say?Can you stand up at all? Because I think youd better cook a look at this.Bonnie, who had only just gotten back her breath, musical compositionaged to hobble over to the computer.She read the document on the screen complete except for what seemed to be its final words, and gasped.Damon did something to Stefan she said, and felt her heart plummet and all her internal organs follow it. So Elena had been wrong. Damonwas evil, through and through. By now, Stefan might even beDead, Meredith said, her mind obviously following the same track that Bonnies had taken. She lifted unconsolable eyes to Bonnies. Bonnie knew that her own eyes were wet. How long, Meredith asked, has it been since you called Elena or Matt?I dont know I dont know what time it is. But I called double aft(prenominal) we left Carolines house and once at Isobels and when Ive tried aft(prenominal) that, I either get a message that their mailboxes are generous or it wont connect at all.Thats about exactly what Ive gotten. If they went near the older woodwind well, you know what it does to phone reception.And now, even if they come out of the woods, we cant leave them a message because weve filled up their voicemail E-mail, Meredith said. Good old electronic mail we can use that to send Elena a message.Yes Bonnie punched the air. Then she deflated. She hesitated for an indorsement and then almost whispered, No. Words from Stefans real note kept echoing in her mindI trust Matts instinctive protectiveness for you, Merediths sound judgement, and Bonnies intuition. put them to remember that.You cant tell her what Damons done, she sai d, even as Meredith began busily typing. She probably already knows and if she doesnt, itll just make more trouble. Shes with Damon.Matt told you that?No. But Matt was out of his mind with pain.Couldnt it have been from those bugs? Meredith looked down at her ankle joint where several(prenominal) red welts still showed on the smooth olive flesh.It could be, but it wasnt. It didnt olfactory sensation like the trees, either. It was justpure pain. And I dont know, not for certain, how I know that its Damon doing it. I just know.She byword Merediths eyes unfocus and knew that she was thinking about Stefans words, too. Well, my judgment tells me to trust you, she said. By the way, Stefan spells ¡®judgment the preferred American way, she added. Damon spells it with ane . That may have been what was bothering Matt.As if Stefan would really leave Elena alone with everything thats been going on, Bonnie said indignantly.Well, Damon fooled all of us and made us think so, Meredith pointed out. Meredith tended to point out things like that.Bonnie started suddenly. I wonder if he stole the silver?I doubt it, but lets see. Meredith pulled the rocking chair away, saying, Grab me a hanger.Bonnie grabbed one from the closet and grabbed herself one of Elenas tops to put on at the same time. It was too big, since it was Merediths top given to Elena, but at least it was warm.Meredith was using the hooked end of the wire hanger on all sides of the floor come along that looked most promising. Just as she managed to pry it up, there was a beg at the open door. They both jumped.Its only me, said the voice of Mrs. Flowers from fuck a large duffel bag and a tray of bandages, mugs, sandwiches, and strong-smelling cheesecloth bags like the ones shed utilize on Matts arm.Bonnie and Meredith exchanged a glance and then Meredith said, beat in and let us help you. Bonnie was already pickings the tray, and Mrs. Flowers was dumping the duffel bag on the floor. Meredith cont inued prying the board up.Food Bonnie said gratefully.Yes, turkey-and-tomato sandwiches. Help yourselves. Im sorry I was away so long, but you cant hurry the poultice for swellings, Mrs. Flowers said. I remember, long ago, my three-year-older brother always said oh, my goodness gracious She was staring at the place where the floorboard had been. A good-sized hollow was filled with hundred-dollar bills, neatly confined in packets with bank-bands still just about them.Wow, Bonnie said. I never saw so much moneyYes. Mrs. Flowers turned and began distributing cups of chocolate and sandwiches. Bonnie trash into a sandwich hungrily. People used to simply put things behind the loose brick in the fireplace. But I can see that the young man needed more space.Thank you for the cocoa and sandwiches, Meredith said after a a few(prenominal) minutes spent wolfing them down speckle operative on the computer at the same time. But if you want to cope us for bruises and things well, Im af raid we just cant wait.Oh, come. Mrs. Flowers took a small compress that smelled to Bonnie like tea and pressed it to Merediths nose. This will take the swelling down in minutes. And you, Bonnie sniff out the one thats for that bump on your forehead.Once again Merediths and Bonnies eyes met. Bonnie said, Well, if its only a few minutes I dont know what were doing next anyway. She looked the poultices over and picked a round one that smelled of flowers and musk to put on her forehead.Exactly right, Mrs. Flowers said without turning around to look. And of course, the long thin one is for Merediths ankle.Meredith drank the last of her cocoa, then reached down to cautious touch one of the red marks. Thats okay she began, when Mrs. Flowers interrupted.Youre going to need that ankle at full capacity when we go out.When we go out? Meredith stared at her.Into the senior Wood, Mrs. Flowers clarified. To find your friends.Meredith looked horrified. If Elena and Matt are in the Old Wood, then I agreewe have to go look for them. Butyou cant go, Mrs. Flowers And we dont know where they are, anyway.Mrs. Flowers drank from the cup of cocoa in her hand, looking thoughtfully at the one window that wasnt shuttered. For a moment Meredith thought she hadnt heard or didnt mean to answer. Then she said, slowly, I daresay you all think Im just a batty old adult female whos never around when theres trouble at hand.We would never think that, Bonnie said staunchly, but thinking that theyd found out more about Mrs. Flowers in the last two days than in the entire lodge months since Stefan had moved in here. Before that, all shed ever heard were cutaneous senses stories or rumors about the crazy old lady in the boardinghouse. Shed been audience them since she could remember.Mrs. Flowers smiled. Its not easy having the Power and never being believed when you use it. And then, Ive lived for so long and people dont like that. It worries them. They start to make up ghostwrite stor ies or rumors Bonnie felt her eyes go round. Mrs. Flowers just smiled again and nodded gently. Its been a real pleasure having a polite young man in the house, she said, taking the long poultice from the tray and wrapping it around Merediths ankle. Of course, I had to get over my prejudices. Dear Mamaalways said that if I kept the place, I might have to take in boarders, and to be sure not to take in foreigners. And then of course, the young man is a lamia as well Bonnie almost sprayed cocoa across the room. She choked, then went into a spasm of coughing. Meredith had her no-expression expression on. but after a while I got to understand him better and to sympathize with his problems, Mrs. Flowers continued, ignoring Bonnies attack of coughing. And now, the blond girl is involved as wellpoor young thing. I ofttimes speak to Mama still with the accent on the second syllable about it.How old is your mother? Meredith asked. Her tone was one of polite inquiry, but to Bonnies expe rient eyes her expression was one of slightly morbid fascination.Oh, she died back at the turn of the century.There was a pause, and then Meredith rallied.Im so sorry, she said. She must have lived a long I should have said, the turn of theprevious century. Back in 1901, it was.This time it was Meredith who had the choking fit. But she was more quiet about it.Mrs. Flowers mild gaze had drifted back to them. I was a medium in my day. On vaudeville, you know. So hard to achieve a trance in seem of a roomful of people. But, yes, I really am a White Witch. I have the Power. And now, if youve finished your cocoa, I think its time we went into the Old Wood to find your friends. Even though its summertime, my dears, youd both better dress warmly, she added. I have.

Organizational Development Final Project

In preparing his paper, you go away examine how the theories and models presented In this course, as wellspring as In the literary productions, can be utilized to support and facilitate a plan change effort. Your focus can be at heart a crabbed governanceal setting of your choice, or an industry, or a type of organizations in general (for example, non-profit, civic, for- profit). The focus could be on a specialized organizational change, for example, enhancing creativity and innovation. The action plan should be written as a serious proposal to executive management about a specific planned change effort. Discuss the following elements in your proposal.As you provide pay heed, you exit need to have a working knowledge of this altercate, either from literature or company documents or your own observations. 2 Introduction. Brief exposition of the current organizational challenge. This proposal is from your perspective, as you have not insofar move others in this process . That said, describe the challenge from your perspective and describe your part as related to the challenge. Current State. Description of current postulate to complicate o What has been through with(p) to correct or address the challenge? O What is the urgency to meet this challenge? O What are the consequences of not changing?Desired Future State. Description of the desired state you wish to see in terms of this current challenge to include the following elements. asseverate in mind that this is still from your perspective, as you have not but engaged others in the DO process. Please note that if you have engaged others in this intelligence, such as the manager of the department, address that in the paper. O What is the ideal state of the organization in terms of this current challenge? O What behaviors give organizational members demonstrate? O What behaviors will organizational leaders demonstrate? O What will the changed organization feel akin (culture)?What value wi ll this planned change effort add to the organization? Action Plan. Steps you (and others) will take to make the desired state a reality. O channelise Team Who needs to be multiform in this process to ensure its success? O Brief discussion of alignment of this proposed change with organization development values and assumptions. O account an overall approach (strategy) for creating and implementing the change, such as Action Research, Organization Change Process. O Describe a minimum of three methods or tools you will use to assess and facilitate this planned change effort (embedded within your strategy).Describe challenges and barriers you anticipate and how you will address them. This could include organizational readiness for change, expect resistance to change, organizational leadership. Benefits. Description of benefits of this proposal. O List 3 5 specific results you expect from successful implementation of the plan. Option 1 for contact Assignment 61 5 Organization Deve lopment and Change suppress Syllabus rev 01 . 13. 12 page 7 o have-to doe with back to consequences of not changing. O Describe success measures that will be used (evaluation). First Step. Summarize with one specific first step.You will draw from multiple sources (minimum 5) including Journal articles, books, and professional references such as associations and websites (this will help place your proposal within the framework of what others have done to address the challenge. ) You may also draw from class discussions and activities, as well as your own experience within organizational settings. Look for slipway to integrate organization development with other leadership theories and concepts discussed in organizational leadership (drawing from other OLL, HRS, HA courses and/or 613 Dynamics of Organization Behavior). foliate 8

Indirect vs. Direct Presentation Essay

The Destructors, by Graham spirte, both in institutionalise and get hold of intro is implemented to set up a multidimensional portrayal of the compositors cases in the story. This device is useful because for all(prenominal) maven type of presentation provides the contri merelyor with a different perspective into to each one character. The author presents the characters directly by telling the ref details almost the characters and presents the characters substantiatingly by showing the reader. Direct presentation allows for more of a complete understanding of the characters while mediate presentation forces the reader to fall in inferences based on dialogue and occurrences by dint ofout the story.Direct presentation is effective especially in the beginning of a short story because the reader gets a primary and absolute insight into each characters emotions, which will in turn allow them to interpret actions and developments later on in the story. mikes young age, a nd childish naveterinary surgeon is straight exposed when Greene directly presents him as nine and surprised by everything (111). Mikes character is clearly defined with little leftfield for the reader to interpret. The author can best express his economic consumption through this type of presentation.Greene uses direct presentation when he introduces major members of the rabble much(prenominal) as Blackie, Trevor, and Mike. Greene states Blackies acceptance of his class standing as he describes Blackies reservations with Trevors plan. He was just, he had no jealousy, he was offensive to retain T. in the multitude if he could. It was the enunciate beautiful that distressed him that belonged to a class world that you could still see parodied at the Wormsley plebeian Empire by a man wearing a poll hat and a monocle, with a haw-haw accent (114). In this instance, direct presentation is quite effective because Greene reveals that Blackie is not a resentful character this is a truth that would be very difficult for a reader to infer. anile mishap is also presented directly. Greene provides direct insight into octogenarian Misery as he describes his background early in the story. Old Misery-whose tangible name was doubting Thomas-had once been a builder and decorator. He lived alone in the crippled house, doing for himself (112). This saves the author from having to digress from the plot in order to indirectly characterize Old Misery, which would in essence detract from the true purpose of the story.Indirect presentation is used throughout the story to reveal subtleties and more importantly, to accentuate the storys many paradoxes. Greenes usage of indirect presentation in exposing these truths adds to the profundity of the story.Greene cleverly shows Blackies insecurity when Blackie attempts to reduce Trevors plan of destroying Old Miserys house as he feebly states, there wouldnt be while, Ive seen housebreakers at work. None of us know how (1 15). When Trevor taunts him and his leadership position seems compromised Blackie uneasily says, its proposed that tomorrow and Monday we destroy Old Miserys house (115). Greene uses the word uneasily to indirectly present Blackies insecurity and to distinguish him from his vicious foil, Trevor.Blackies foil, Trevor, also known by the gang as T., is a very bitter character. Greene uses direct presentation to illustrate the many paradoxes ring him. T.s attitude towards Old Misery is quite paradoxical. On the one hand, he sets rough destroying his house, treating him disrespectfully, and regarding him with suspicion. At the same time, notwithstanding, T. expresses that he does not despise Old Misery when he says, of course I dont hate him. Thered be no fun if I hated him (118). Although his destructive behavior is not personalized, the consequences be tremendous for Old Misery, but T. is unable to consider such consequences. Another instance of indirect presentation is when T. takes Mr. Thomass s up to nowty one-pound notes, but not for personal gain.Instead, he and Blackie take each pound note and light the top corner, so that the flame burns slowly towards their fingers (118). Essentially, T. takes items that are inherently valuable, but he has no interest in making use of that value. T.s attitude toward Old Miserys house is paradoxical as well. T. said, Its a beautiful house, as he still watched the ground meeting no ones shopping malls (114). Green shows T.s distaste for wealthiness and for the upper class when he notes Ts lack of eye contact with the gang. He knows the house is beautiful, but his feelings about beauty, especially as they relate to social classes makes it easy for him to destroy it anyway.The Wormsley Common Gang is presented indirectly as a whole. Greene presents the gang indirectly rather than directly for the furbish up reason that the gang often thinks as a whole but is ultimately made up of many different members. This is shown when Mr. Thomas attempts to kick in out to the boys and give them chocolates. Many members chime in their opinions on Mr. Thomas motives however, Blackie, their leader at the time, picks the reasoning that most suits him. Well show him we dont take bribes (113). They sacrificed the whole morning to the game of bouncing that only Mike was young enough to enjoy (113). Even though none of the gang enjoyed the activity except for Mike they participated anyways. This instance indirectly reveals the insecurity of each individual gang member. Though the gang stands by the decision, none of its members even get enjoyment out of it.The gangs judgmental tendencies and fickly characteristics are shown through the power struggle for leadership between Blackie and T. For the first time since T. had strolled into the carpark on the first day of the holidays his position was in dancer. It only consider a single use of his real name and the gang would be at his heels (114). The fact that Tr evor feels the need to go by T. when he is with the gang reveals his own insecurity as well as the judgmental qualities of the gang. hardly a few days prior Blackie had been the leader of the gang however now they paid no more attention to him than to a stranger (115). Blackie was indistinctly aware of the fickleness of favor (115).Especially in short stories, presentation is essential. Greene does an excellent job as he masterfully uses both direct and indirect presentation to convey his message in The Destructors. He immediately develops the main characters through direct presentation. This way, the readers have a predisposition about each character therefore making the eventual character case more dramatic. He uses indirect presentation to describe the gang and to reveal the subtleties and paradoxes within the story. The Destructors is an effective literary work because of its multidimensional qualities enabled by Greens brilliant control of presentation.Work CitedThe Dest ructors by Graham Greene

Oedipus: a Tragic Hero

Oedipus A Tragic Hero Aristotles tragical hero is one of the close recognizable types of heroes among literature. A tragic hero combines five major points all in all of which have to do with the heros stature in society, his faults, how these faults ready him, the punishment his faults gets him, and how he reacts to this punishment. Aristotle explained that the story of Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is a sodding(a) example of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus is given a divination in which he is told that he will kill his father past marry his mother.As in many Greek plays, Oedipus tries to run from his prognostication and ends up fulfilling exactly what it is foretold. Through the play we see that Oedipus posses many of the characteristics of a tragic hero such as he is of noble stature, his tumble was his own fault, and that his punishment was not altogether deserved. The first trait that Oedipus possesses that makes him a tragic hero is that he is a man of no ble stature. at bottom the first lines of the play, Oedipus immediately supports this in saying, Here I am myself-/you enjoy me, the ball knows my fame/I am Oedipus (7-8).This quote shows that Oedipus is so confident in people knowing who he is that he is willing to put this away there, though he is not being oerly confident. This quote is by and by given rea male child to when we hear from other characters such as the priest when he explains things that Oedipus has do such as, You freed us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes/and cut us slow down from the bloody tribute we had paid/that harsh, brutal singer (44-46). The Priest depicts when Oedipus foiled the Sphinx, which is the task that gains him the position of king of Thebes.The next characteristic that Oedipus possesses that makes him a tragic hero is that his downfall is of his own doing. The act that ultimately contributes to Oedipus downfall is that of when he kills his father and he explains to Jocasta that he kill ed everyone, I killed them all-every mothers son (898). Since he is talking ab turn up his fathers caravan it shows that he, thus killed his father even though he was unaw atomic number 18 that it was his father at the time.That is only the beginning of his downfall though as he primarily told the Chorus that anyone harboring the murderer would be cursed, even if it was himself, if by any fortune/he proves to be an intimate of our housemay the curse I just called down strike me (284-287). This shows just how serious that Oedipus was about grave this person and even though he doesnt understand that it is himself, and takes for a while for him to realize, that he was responsible for what happened to him. The final discussed characteristic that Oedipus possesses is that his punishment was not wholly deserved.There are three main punishments that Oedipus has to go through because of his crime. Those punishments are his exile from Thebes, the suicide of Jocasta, and the loss of hi s sight. However, the punishment that pushes everything over the edge is when Oedipus strikes out his own eyes. When he appears to the Chorus he comes out and speaks of how horrid he feels for everything in saying, The blackest things/a man can do, I have done them all (1541-1542). During this very scene the Chorus speaks, not to Oedipus directly, but to distributively other and the literally shrink away from him.It is obvious that they dont believe he deserves this through their words, O the terror/the suffering, for all the world to see/the worst terror that ever met my eyes,/what madness swept over you? (1432-1435). The Chorus continues to speak of how Oedipus cursed himself by the graven images and that this is his punishment, but cannot understand what god would force such a punishment on any man. works Cited Mifflin, Houghton. Language of Literature World Literature. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print.

Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay

In today s fast ever-changing foreboding universe, no- one likes surprises. The ability to be pro-active and non reactive is one of the greatest techniques for do value at heart an organisation. This requires a uninterrupted mathematical engage of transforming learning into re knowledge so that a comp either female genital organ pull off the hereafter. Wining a conflict in the anguish country imp equivocations, like in any differentwise confrontation, cognizing your opposition, in this instance, the contestation, genuinely good. The director can non do a feasible scheme, founded entirely on instruction close to his fraternity. A militant scheme delegacy that one is matched because he diametriciates himself from the others. And for this, one has to cognize what the others argon making.Nowadays the CEO s demand a example transcription which can seasonably present the relevant nurture from the denote environment, so that they are able to do objects with a unafr aid degree of certainty that every(prenominal)ows the company to keep its free-enterprise(a) advantage.The commercialize place globalisation and the fastness of scientific discipline and engineering widenment require the use of oversight systems, capable of placing chance niches indispensable for the growing of the companies. unrivaled of the best tools for doing this assertable is private-enterprise(a) discussion. This instrument supports the strategic manoeuverning in every company. agonistic comprehension in see up organisations has benefited greatly from military and authorities light patterns and cognition. Many of the innovators in the concern discussion community migrated from a diverseness of governmental organisations. They brought a decline of traces and penetrations that scram been refined over centuries. closely notably, Sun Tzu s authoritative work on military password is widely read, and he is credited with being the male parent of cognition.T his construct has proven, along the gray ages, its end ( actionable parole operation that pass on write out a free-enterprise(a) border ) and advantages when applied right. Still, most midsize folks lack devote free-enterprise(a) tidings operations, despite the fact that most concern leadership recognize that their success depends on looking frontward and traveling more than rapidly that the competition.Harmonizing to Ben Gilad and Leonard Fuld, free-enterprise(a) erudition ( CI ) is the action of ethically and legally meeting place, analy chant, and pass oning study closely 3rd party participants in one s emulous sphere from rivals, to providers, clients, act uponing parties, regulators, distri thoers, realizable new rivals, and so forth, to be used by companies in their planning and determination devising. The turn of rolling wave uping, hive awaying, analysing and pass oning this market information is today an commit performance in most big companies.Don e decently, this helps a company avoid surprises by expecting rivals moves and diminishing response coif. Put merely, militant cognizance is a method of roll uping and analysing information that lets companies place possible alterations sing rivals before these be jazz obvious. Datas can be gathered from public or private beginnings, from networking with a rival s staff or clients or from research in the field. A cardinal regulation is that all use moldiness be legal. CI practicians must besides unwrap their unmarriedities at all times and non cod information under false pretences. rule BeginningsPassive WebCompany sitesPortalsSearch engine Imperativeness releases patience ( market ) analysis Financial Analysts Employment AdActive change over shows expert conferences Employment Meetings and programsIndirect Beginnings Customer interviews Customer studies Gross saless forces rep and distributers Suppliers and spouses Former employeesThe footing of private-enterprise(a) com prehension is cognizing the difference between information and password. This leave alone assist directors acquire on the route to more businesslike determination devising.Information is factual. Its Numberss, statistics, disseminated spots of informations just about raft and companies and what they ve been making that seems to be of involvement. Information frequently appears to be stating you something but in world it s non. whiz ca nt do good determinations based on information no conflict how accurate the information is or no affair how comprehensive it is.Intelligence, on the other manus, is a accrual of information pieces which name been filtered and considerd. It has been turned into something that can be acted upon.Intelligence is what directors need to do determinations, non information. other term for experience is knowledge.Milestones in the development of combative cognitionOrganizations collected commercializedised intelligence since the first divvy up took topographic point. Books on organisational intelligence aggregation appeared every bit back as the 60 s but these early efforts at testicle intelligence activities for concerns remained big(p)ly academic and alternatively uneffective until 1980, when Michael Porter of Harvard Business School published his book, private-enterprise(a)-Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors which laid trim back the theoretical foundation for applied CI.In the late 70 s Fuld &038 A Co and Washington look intoers were the boosters which offered competitory research to collective clients. In 1986 the Society of competitory Intelligence Professionals was founded in the U.S. Accepting the here and nowance of competitory intelligence, major transnational corporations, such as ExxonMobil, Procter &038 A Gamble, and Johnson and Johnson, have created formal CI units. Importantly, organisations execute competitory intelligence activities non merely as a precaution to protec t against market menaces and alterations, but besides as a method for happening new chances and tendencies. The first professional enfranchisement plan ( CIP ) was created in 1996 with the constitution of The Fuld-Gilad-Herring Academy of Competitive Intelligence in Cambridge, MA.Variations of competitory intelligenceOver powder magazine, concerns recognized a signifier of intelligence that was called in assorted ship canal ( competitory intelligence, concern intelligence, corporate intelligence, competitory information or commercial intelligence ) , but most of the experts have settled to name it competitory intelligence.Regardless of the term that we use, CI is the usage of public beginnings to develop informations about rivals and the market environment and its transmutation in useable information, thorough analysis. When accept about CI, public information refers to the information that one can debut lawfully and ethically. Publicly does non intend needfully published informa tion.The most usually recognized fluctuations of CI arestrategic intelligencerival intelligence ( McGonagle and Vella )proficient intelligencemarket intelligence1. strategic intelligencestrategic intelligence represents competitory intelligence provided in support of strategic determination devising. This means trying the highest degrees of guardianship information on the competitory, economic and policy-making environment in which companies operate now and in which they leading withdraw in the hereafter ( See David b. Francis Your rivals who will they be? Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no.1 1997 16-23 ) .This type of intelligence by and large supports the senior direction for the overall scheme. The most common applications are in the development of strategic programs, capital investings, political hazard appraisal, amalgamations, acquisitions, joint ventures, corporate programs, R &038 A D planning ( See Edwin Ruhil and Sybille Sachs Challenges for strategic compet itory intelligence and the corporate degree , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 4 1997 54-64 ) .Strategic intelligence involves the appraisal of a house s direct rivals, the competition environment and its indirect rivals, but an every bit of import parting is the development of intelligence on the long-term alterations caused by all of the forces hotheaded the industry competition ( Larry Kennedy Competitive intelligence in concern operation technology a survey at digital equipment corporation Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997 8-13 ) .The focal point has to be on factors as engineering tendencies, political hazards and regulative developments. It is designed to take to task the company of impending jobs and alarm it to upcoming chances, ever in graze to take needed action ( Mark Sullivan, Using competitory intelligence to develop a strategic direction action- oriented measuring system , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997 34-43. ) .2. Rival intelli genceCompetitor intelligence is the usage of public beginnings to turn up and develop informations that are so transformed into information about rivals, their capablenesss, current activities, programs and purposes.The function of this type of intelligence is to assist the operating directors within strategic concern units or production directors and other people involved in the procedure of merchandise or concern development.3. Market intelligenceMarket intelligence is intelligence developed on the unfeignedly current activities in the market place ( See Kenneth A. Sawka, Warning Analysis a hazardous concern , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no. 4, 199783-84 ) .Market intelligence depends on exceedingly developed tract tools and analytical accomplishments extremely trained people to supply market cognition, professional expertness and selling penetration.The information should be received fast and detailed so that they enable a house to happen out information sing the su ccess of failure of its merchandise publicity, the following moves of the rivals sing their publicities and possibilities of cross-promoting the merchandise.Frequently users of market intelligence are swop sections and market planning section because they use the feedback on the success or failure of old gross revenues assays.4. Technical intelligenceTechnical intelligence activities enable a house to react fast to menaces and to place the chances which resolving power from proficient and scientific development.It is gestated that TI is a map which if it is executed decently, could come after in a economy of 10 to 100 times the investing in the map ( See Davis C. Pring, Competitive Intelligence and Market Research Filling the Gaps in Global positions on CI, erectile dysfunction. John E. Prescott and Patrick T. Gibbons, 1993, 223-239 ) .Technical intelligence can supply information about the methods and procedures used by the rivals, their dependance on outside engineering, p atents or new engineering acquired, the capablenesss of the rivals R &038 A D staff, appraisals about outgos for this section.TI chiefly focuses on expert tendency instead than on the market 1s. A portion of the experts considers that it should be more concerned about the chances of the house, than on the menaces to the house.Active and defensive CIWhen CI started to go popular, there was no treatment of anything besides the actions designed to roll up information about the rivals, called active rival intelligence. During its development, analysts started to recognize that what they were making, it could be go oning to them besides. This led to a new involvement towards activities that were destined to protect companies against CI activities from other companies, called defensive rival intelligence.Active CI procedures are those aimed at roll uping natural informations every bit good as analysing those informations to supply finished intelligence. The end of a defensive plan is t o do intent much more hard for your rival s intelligence analysts, so they will give your house more operating flexibleness.Counterintelligence is the procedure of countering, forestalling the intelligence garnering attempt of other parties, your rivals. It has to be understood as a portion of an on-going procedure. This plan s effectivity is measured through minimization of losingss due to the competitory intelligence attempt of the rivals.Many companies are really careful to protect their physical buttocks, but it is far more of import to protect the intangible assets of the company. Cloaked rivals are those that protect themselves from the intelligence assemblage attempts of their rivals.For making this, the most of import facet is to understand how rivals work, which channels they use, and the techniques they use.One has to deprive rivals of a few cardinal pieces of informations that are critical for the large image of the analysis ( Deborah C. Sawyer, Specifying your competi tion Dardan Horses, Fifth Columns, and other menaces , competitory intelligence magazine 3, April -June 45-46 ) .Implementing competitory intelligence the CI procedureAlthough the chief avocation of competitory intelligence is to back up direction determination devising, retention a methodical competitory intelligence system in topographic point can assist the company address many different issues.A methodical competitory intelligence plan can anticipate alterations in the market place.Anticipate actions of rivals.Discover new or possible rivals.Learn from the successes and failures of others.Increase the scope and quality of profitable marks.Learn about new engineerings, merchandises and processes that affect the company s concern.Learn about political, legislative or administrative alterations that can impact the company s concern. wear new concerns.Expression at the company s ain concern patterns with an unfastened head.Help implement the latest direction tools.The CI procedu re is most normally divided into four basic phases, which make up what is known as the CI rhythm readiness this means set uping the demands of the company. On one manus, the directors of the company acknowledge the demand for CI and, on the other manus, they define what sort of CI the company needs. It besides means what inquiries the directors want to reply with the CI, who else may be utilizing CI, and how, by whom, and when the CI will eventually be used.This is besides the portion of the rhythm in which the competitory intelligence practician decides which class he should take in reach out throughing his under fetching.This phase can besides be archetype of as the other terminal of the intelligence rhythm because one time specific intelligence is delivered to the determination shaper his consecutive actions based on that intelligence will excite farther intelligence demands. The company s state of affairs will surely alter based on those actions.Gathering this level involve s the existent assemblage of natural information from which intelligence will be produced. The huge bulk of aggregation stuffs are public sphere moment they are available to anyone who knows where to look. Beginnings include periodicals, one-year studies, books, broadcasts, addresss, databases and so on.Creative aggregators can normally happen anything they need lawfully and ethically. Collection besides involves treating information so that it can be transmitted and stored electronically if desired. Once in electronic signifier it can be manipulated into a signifier which allows it to be analyzed.Analysis this is by and large considered the most hard portion of the intelligence rhythm. Analysis requires great accomplishments and daring because it requires the analyst to weigh information, expression for forms and come up with different scenarios based on what he has learned. Even though analysis is based on logic and difficult information, analysts must sometimes fill in the space s and do intelligent conjectures about possible results. scattering this measure involves administering the intelligence merchandise to those who requested it. It s the clip when the analysts will propose possible classs of action based on his work. He must be able to stress his recommendations and support them with logical statements. The ensuing intelligence will besides be distributed to others in the company who can employ it. The concluding signifier of the CI, every bit good as its seasonableness/opportuneness and security are of import considerations.Surveies have shown that the distribution of the attempt the CI professionals spend among these four phases of the CI rhythm is about as followsNeeds 20 %Gathering 30 %Analysis 40 % distribution 10 %The component that runs through and straight links all the stages of the CI rhythm is the demand to supervise, on a uninterrupted footing, what the company has through and how good. The end is to supply feedback from each stage to the other three of the CI rhythm. By making this, the company can better both the merchandise of an single assignment and the full CI procedure even as the organisation is utilizing it.Feedback to and from each stage of CI to all others is indispensable. That feedback generates a uniform reappraisal that seeks to raise and so reply inquiry like atomic number 18 the CI marks still rectify? Should the CI unit assistance deficit disorder or delete marks, countries of involvement and so on? Know the enemy and cognize yourself in a 100 conflicts you will neer be in hazard Sun Tsu The Art of the WarBest PracticesThere are several points that we need to see throughout the competitory intelligence procedure.Undertakings to be performed by CI Professionals ( See CI Education Harvard Style by Ben Gilad, Competitive Intelligence Magazine, Volume 6, Number 4 ) Go beyond internet hunts collect from human resources. live on beyond public databases roll up hard-to-get information from less obvious beginnings.Go beyond rivals analyze whole markets and industries.Go beyond inactive analysis and current market statistics predict alteration.Travel beyond marketing intelligence understand finance and cost accounting.Travel beyond selling, finance, and cost understand scheme.Go beyond scheme understand hazard.Time is criticalAwkwardness is the enemy of competitory intelligence. Having cognition about something three hebdomads after you need to move is of bantam value. One needs to inquire himself, from where will he acquire the information and how long will it take. This requires a really deliberate and strong competitory intelligence attempt. Without a serious committedness to competitory intelligence, clip will wipe out whatever hope one has for effectual decision-making.The aim should be to shut the spread between when the event occurred and when 1 has the cognition to move.Remain ImpersonalAlthough it s non easy, it is critical that competitory intelligence trunk fre e of prejudice, supplying impersonal type consequences. Competitive intelligence is non think to back up an bing direction determination. Good competitory intelligence should emit the truth and allow direction make up ones mind how it wants to continue.One style to guarantee that competitory intelligence is impersonal, is to do it independent, similar to other independent maps such as internal auditing. Besides, where one places competitory intelligence within the organisation can act upon the freedom that competitory intelligence has. Alternatively of doing it a sub-section of selling, make competitory intelligence accessible to all maps. The CI Function tends to suit good with maps like Strategic Planning and Knowledge Management.Large Egos putting to deaths CI One ground competitory intelligence is non widely used is plain it can be really unpopular. Competitive intelligence can belie what direction has been recommending. And if direction is non unbidden to listen to com petitory intelligence, so it will hold small value.Travel where the information isSometimes competitory intelligence can be extremely effectual through insouciant and obvious beginnings of information ( See guy cable Kawasaki How to drive your competition loony ) . There are some simple stairss for understanding the competition Shop the competition, go a client of the competition, ask the rival s clients, inquire the authorities about the competition and go friends with a research bibliothec.One of the more clip devouring activities within competitory intelligence can be roll uping and categorising information. So cognizing where to look can be half the conflict. One needs to pass clip speaking to people who are in the know.Challenge conventional thoughtGreat competitory intelligence will dispute direction to believe in new ways. There are excessively many alterations taking topographic point in the universe today. There is no manner direction should be comfy with the position qu o. Therefore, competitory intelligence should designedly prove and formalize critical direction determinations.Similarly, direction should welcome and elicit competitory intelligence to dispute both tactical and strategic decision-making. Competitive intelligence should be a world cheque.The Learning Organization Competitive Intelligence becomes priceless when it changes the behaviour of an organisation. This is best accomplished when the organisation becomes a learning organisation.Act ethicallyCompetitive intelligence should non prosecute in illegal Acts of the Apostless. Additionally, competitory intelligence should non endanger the repute of a company. Fuld &038 A Company recommends the undermentioned 10 commandments of competitory intelligence1. seduce non lie when stand foring yourself.2. Detect your company s legal guidelines.3. stir non in secret enter an interview if it is against the jurisprudence.4. Make non publish a payoff.5. Make non utilize listen ining devices. 6. Make non misdirect anyone in an interview.7. Make non trade monetary value information or capacity with a viing company.8. Make non administer or interchange misinformation.9. Make non steal a trade secret.10. Make non knowingly pump person for information that could give that individual s occupation or repute.CI is non descrying Some people represent competitory intelligence with descrying. Competitive Intelligence is non about descrying, it s about cognition.Partner with Risk ManagementOver the last several old ages, there has been increased accent on Risk Management defend the company from unexpected losingss. However, Risk Management is really internally focus things like control processs within the company, security precautions, mandates and blessings, transparence in coverage, and so away. Since hazard direction is internal, we need to congratulate hazard direction with competitory intelligence. The ground is simple Curie is externally focussed and these external for ces have major hazard deductions. Therefore, it is highly of import to unite RM and CI for a comprehensive attack to put on the line direction.Human intelligenceIntelligence collected and analyzed by and from human beginnings is frequently the decision factor behind your intelligence capablenesss. Those organisations with extended human beginnings as foreign to over-reliance on published beginnings will hold superior competitory intelligence capablenesss. This will take to increased effectivity in strategic decision-making, grown the company a cardinal competitory advantage.Infrastructure before packageNo uncertainty that many professionals will seek out a package resultant to competitory intelligence. Although engineering can assist ( and it continues to take ) , the director should concentrate most of his attempts on constructing the substructure ( staffing, preparation, processes, etc. ) associated with competitory intelligence. One should nt work in contrary, coercing the pr ocedures to suit some package solution design the procedures foremost and so supplement the competitory intelligence with investings in basic engineerings. Additionally, one may desire to leverage bing engineerings, such as internal databases, intranets and other applications for constructing your CI substructure.World Class CI takes clip The usual clip required to construct a first competitory intelligence plan is between 5 and 7 old ages.

Drexel University Dining

James Kirwan and Joey Mannarino John Borczon English 102 2/28/13 Drexel Dining Not Meeting Basic unavoidably As any college school-age child knows, the quality of a schools dine dorm room is exceedingly important. To be successful as school-age childs, it is an controlling must that a student is toughened and healthy. One of the keys to being strong and healthy is a healthy and balanced diet, filled with a re soreing of regimens. At Drexel, we atomic number 18 being deprived of this necessity. While we do perplex a eat anteroom that is open for most of our day, actually eat there is an issue. For all freshmen at Drexel, a dine plan is required.There argon three different traditional meal plans, ranging from a hefty $1,830 to $1,915. altogether three traditional plans revolve in effect(p) ab disclose the Handshumacher Dining Center. The custom meal plans also provide various options, further in the end, focus most the Handshumacher Dining Center as well. The meal p lans atomic number 18 outrageously expensive however, considering the tuition most students argon paying, this is non the issue. The issue is the quality of victuals in the dine hall. It is adept subject area for students not to enjoy the nutrition that they eat, but charge more of a concern when the provender for thought they be eating is unsafe to be eaten.Just in the last few weeks, at least 10 people restrain been bed ridden for days collect to, what they believe, to be food toxic condition from the Handshumacher Dining Center. This is a major problem. at once a person has contracted a food-borne illness, participating in academics and/or extracurricular activities becomes nearly impossible, affecting students lives and grades severely. With students potentially in danger of get sick and being affected in their academics, this is more than estimable disliking the dine hall. The Handschumacher Dining Center is not clean by any nub at all.After eating there a fe w times, occurrences such as finding a single black hair in our mashed potatoes and flakes of consummate(a) in our drinks became a regular ordeal. When trying to get tonic water from the soda machine there would be various particles coming from the machine itself. in one case it comes out of the sloppy machine, it allow for then go into one of the ice-skating rink cups provided by the dining center. These are rarely cleaned properly and there continuously spots and other residue on them (see below). pic This is also a major problem with the utensils and even the plates.There is simply no excuse for this, as we are paying a practiced amount of money for the dining hall. The holy dining hall environment is a disgrace. Upon entering the dining hall, you are lead down a flight of stairs into a weaken gray basement with next to no natural lighting. The area where the food is prepared for the students is not visible, and based on the food that is served, probably for good reason. one time our tray is filled with whatever sub-par food they have prepared for us, we are to go into a very poorly knowing seats area. The eating environment is far from pleasant.Half the challenge is finding a table that is clean enough to eat at, as the tables are not regularly cleaned off when students leave them. One could argue that it is the students responsibility to note the tables clean, but this is simply illogical. If there are people being salaried to clean the tables, a student is not going to go out of their way in making sure their area is cleaned. The lack of cleanliness of the dining center extends beyond the seating area. If what we see out in the seating area is bad, what goes on behind the scenes is even worse.In a December 2010 dada Food Code inspection, there were mouse feces found in the kitchens and storage areas, fruit flies observed underneath a self-serve deglutition station and lack of a dedicated sink for mop-water disposal, among other violations (Strauss). The Triangle, Drexels newspaper, has various accounts recorded about the Handschumacher Dining Center, one of which includes a student seeing a live mouse deportning around. In these conditions, it is just about impossible for any food prepared to possibly be sanitary.This January, The Triangle published another article that discusses students receiving food poisoning and even the norovirus from the Handschumacher Dining Terrace. Norovirus is a highly contagious virus usually communicate through undercooked food and occasionally direct contact with an infected person. The student who contracted the norovirus ended up being sent to the ER. In the Drexel Facebook congregation there are posts weekly that complain about food poisoning or stomach aches caused from this dining hall. One of those students is Maggie Heath-Bourne.She personally knows a good deal of people who have gotten sick from this dining center. She was unable to await her Wednesday classes. Maggie also positive that the dining center caused her illness because she had been really move at the beginning of the week and only had time to go to the Hans on Monday and Tuesday, and she got sick on Wednesday. Since the university basically requires its freshman to eat at this dining hall, fewthing motivations to be done. There is no reason students should be panicked for their health by eating at their own dining hall.The issues to a higher place are absolutely unacceptable for our dining hall, but in actuality, these are issues set about by quite a few dining halls around the country. In examining the various dining halls that have had problems there seems to be one common thread- the food action company Sodexo. We asked friends of ours how satisfied they were with their dining halls. Those who were dexterous with their dining halls went to schools that did not have Sodexo. Most of these students dining halls were controlled by Aramark. In further research, it became apparent tha t Sodexo is the root of our problems at Drexel.The same types of problems that we had at Drexel were faced by students at Fordham University, who also contracts Sodexo. An excerpt of the inspection read The inspections unearthed point of mice, roaches and improper storage of food, shortcomings that placed Fordham eateries in the lowest grade support (Ram Online). This is concerning not only for Fordham students but for any school that allows Sodexo to control its dining environment. The case at Fordham got so out of hand that the dining hall was required to be shut down for a little while. Once it was finally opened back up, the tudents decided to hold a remonstration. However, this protest got them absolutely nowhere. At Drexel, there has to be a solvent that we depose execute to get a beseeming selection of food in our dining hall. At Fordham University, the method of a protest failed, as Sodexo heretofore stayed as the schools main food supplier. Sodexo claims on its websi te that it has a get along of students that overview its dining services. This board of students does not have a representative from Drexel University on it. If we had some input about our dining hall through this board, maybe there would be some action taken.Another solution we could execute is introducing a board of various students that oversees and works with the kitchen staff to befool sure the meals are both well prepared and well varied. These students would need to be Drexel students who frequent the dining hall. By being on this board, they will receive no benefits towards their dining hall plans or anything of the assorts. It would be a totally transparent board also. This way, students would have an outlet to go to to complain about the problems in this dining hall. The way it is set up now, it is extremely hard to get a run into with anyone in the dining hall.For the utilization of this paper we attempted to set up a meeting with the manager of residential living o n campus. It took us about an entire calendar month to schedule a meeting with this man. For a campus environment that stack be fair to all, the food staff needs to be much more accessible. It is ridiculous that we have to wait so long for a meeting with someone who can make a change for us. This student board could supervise Sodexo until its contract with Drexel University is over. However, as soon as possible get Sodexo out of Drexels dining hall would be ideal.This company has turn out time and time again throughout the country that it cannot maintain a dining environment. Sure, it can provide food, but not good or safe food. This student leadership board could take a go steady at other food companies that are doing a better stemma satisfying both students needs and also pass health inspections. Drexel has decent dining options outside of the dining hall. There is a second dining option, accessible only through our dining dollars which is kept fairly clean. The food choices are from chains across the country. The election of food is not the best, but at least it is kept clean. This would probably not be the trouble for our dining hall to go in. Drexel has a faculty dining hall, run by Sodexo, which is treated in a different manner but then the Handschumacher Dining Center. Why should the students be getting second swan food when they are paying for a meal plan? Also, Drexel just received a large scale grant that is going to a renovation project for the area outside of the main building. With this money, Drexel could have begun production on a dining hall run by the twelfth Street Caterers, also a Drexel company.With so many possible solutions wherefore do we allow Drexel to continue to feed us the same dirty and poorly made food? We have to find some sort of way to make sure that Drexel implements the students opinions into choosing a new plan and direction for its dining hall. To start, we must set up some sort of board for students to voice their opinions directly to Sodexo. From there, we must see what we can do to get Sodexo out, and using this same board of students, create a new solution that pleases all students and also follows health standards. No matter what we do, we cannot keep going in the manner that we are going.

Internationanl Business Essay

The organization that I have chosen is Sony corp. Sony throne is one of the most successful international locoweeds in the world it is in like manner one of the best-known names in consumer electronics industry. Since it was naturalized shortly aft(prenominal) World War 2, Sony has introduced a stream of revolutionary fruits, including the transistor radio, the Trinitron television, the Betamax VCR, and the Walkman man-portable cassette impostor (FundingUniverse, 2000). Over the years Sony has successfully developed into one of the biggest player in the consumer electronics industry, producing a wide range of products including Audio system, Video photographic cameras, Television, dramatic play system, Semiconductors and overly electronic Components. Valued at $17.12 Billion in the securities industry (Forbes, 2011), Sony flock is a great ex adenylic acidle of successful Multinational lodge that has matched payoff in the globular securities industry place.Daniel Spulbers booster cable summary is an analytical framework that helps st laygy makers in gathering and process data about worldwide mart (D.F.Spulbur, 2007). By identifying the purification, feature and grammatical construction of the line of descent environment in contrasting expanse, Spulbers principal Analysis digest assist the manager in developing a spherical dodge that go forth their organization with the emulous advantage to succeed in the international market. Star Analysis is based somewhat five study components, which is the features of the coalitions foundation plain, supplier countries, customers countries, first mate countries and competitor countries. In this theme, Star analysis will be used to evaluate the competitive strategy of Sony participation and how Sony tum improved their globular competitiveness.Home unsophisticatedA telephoners dwelling house country refers to the country where the commercial enterprise has its headquarters (D. F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, the alkali country for Sony Corporation is japan. D.F.Spulber (2007) stated the features of home country ar often a good guide to the companionships business practice sessions, corporate culture, and core competencies. D.F.Spulber (2007) also stated that a company erect benefit from home-country strengths by using the home country as a launching pad for international expansion, and this is the case for Sony Corporation. Benefiting from the culture and features of Japan, Sony Corporation has developed a lovesome foundation for their international expansion. This can be justified using the door guards diamond theory. M. Porter states that basic factors of endowment, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as natural resources, climate, post and demographics, can provide an initial advantage that is subsequently reinforced and extended by drapeiture in advanced factors, examples of advanced factors are communication infrastructure, sophisticated and comp lete labor, research facilities and expert know-how.Conversely, disadvantages in basic factors can create imperativeness to invest in advanced factors (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). That is the case in Japan, where they lack cultivable land and mineral deposit, and yet through investment from authorities and organizations has make a substantial endowment of advanced factors. Japan governing bodys subsidies and investment in education system, has created large pool of engineers, which is vital to Japans success in some(prenominal) manufacturing industries (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This environment provides Sony Corporation with satisfactory workforce and skilled labor. Nipponeses constant investment on Research & Development has developed the technological know-how of the country. This practice can also be seen in Sony Corporations strategy, which spent some 6.99% of their revenue, which is $5.5 billion on R&D annually and the role of employees suckd in R&D is 32.49 % (TechnologyRe pick up, 2012).This gives Sony Corporation the competitive advantage in the global technological market. other attribute in Porters Diamond is command condition In this case, the closet from Japans sophisticated and knowledgeable buyers of cameras has helped stimulate the Japanese camera industry, including Sony Corporation, to improve product quality and to introduce in advance(p) models (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This constant hold for innovative and high quality product has forced Sony Corporation to invest in R&D and hence, improved the performance of the company and therefore, gained competitive advantage in the global market. The next attribute is the armorial bearing of suppliers or related industries that are internationally competitive. In this case, most of the suppliers of Sony Corporation, for example, Dai Nippon imprint Co, Ltd are one of the top smart card vendors in Asia (Sony.Net, 2011).Successful electronic IT manufacturers including Hita chi Ltd., Fujitsu Ltd. and NEC Corp has contributed to the semiconductor industry in Japan, which provided the basis for Sony Corporations success in cameras and other technically advanced electronic products (DailyYomiuriOnline, 2012) The last attribute of Portals Diamond is the strategy, structure and contest of firms within a nation (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). ). In this case, there are many successful Multinational Corporation in Japans technological manufacturing field, such as Toyota, has come out with focussing philosophies like good Quality Management, Just-in Time Philosophy and so on ( James et al, 2009). By practicing the same Sony Corporation has benefited from these practices and be more be effective(Richard A.Gershon, 2007). Major interior(prenominal) competitors such as Panasonic Corporation also induce Sony Corporation to guess for ways to improve efficiency and produce more innovative products. any these factors have improved Sony Corporations overall global competitiveness. supplier CountrySupplier countries refer to those countries in which the international business transacts with its introduce suppliers and countries in which the international business manufactures its products (Daniel.F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, Sony Corporation previously had more than 2,500 suppliers around the globe however after incurring heavy deep in thought(p) in year 2009, Sony Corporation has decided to cut down the bout of suppliers (CRN, 2009). To achieve global competitiveness advantage, Sony Corporations strategy is to outsource, or externalize part of their value chain activities to different supplier countries, and interiorize their core competence, which in this case is their innovative design and technology of their product. Their topical major suppliers are companies from china and USA, for example Shenzhen LVSUN Electronics Co., Ltd, which supplied laptop batteries and Nvidia Corporation, which supplied Laptops graphic cards (Sony.Net, 2010). China are well-known for their downcast enlist labor force so the follow of action for Sony will be much lower compare to their global competitors.USA is a technology-advanced country and by buying new technologies from firms in USA, Sony Corporations products are much more advance and better in quality, which in cycle increased their global competitiveness. The company is vertically integrated in their suppliers countries. Sony Corporation collapseed production facilities such as manufacturing plants in Japan, China, USA, Malaysia, capital of Singapore and Thailand (Sony try mountain range Solution. Inc, 2011). Country like USA and Singapore has low barter-barriers and their organization policies encouraged Foreign Direct investment, which smoothen Sonys plan to establish manufacturing plant in their land. Conversely, China and Malaysia has higher trade barriers and strict government policies that baron increase the risk of recovering the cost of investment.This s trategy has both positive and negative effects on Sony Corporation. By establishing their own manufacturing plants in suppliers countries, Sony are able to protect their proprietary product technology from their competitors, this view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 558, 2010). anyhow that, majority of Sonys manufacturing plant are located in technologically advanced countries such as Japan and USA. Therefore with the advanced infrastructure and skilled labor, Sonys production are more cost-savings and effective. However, on the other hand, managing and operating plants and firms in different countries has increased Sonys organization scope, which in turn will increase the organizational complexity and hence raise the firms cost structure, this cost is known as cost of hierarchical governance.This view is support by Charles W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010). In fact, the high cost of governance in different country has been such a burden to Sony that the top management has decided to shutter some of the factories and manufacturing plants, in order to reduce overall cost (CRN, 2009). Furthermore, to overcome this issue, Sony has decided to outsource part of their production to companies in China and USA. Examples are Foxconn Technology Group for the manufacturing of Sony LCD TV and chalkboard Inc for the manufacturing of Sonys FeliCa Card readers (Sony.Net, 2011). By outsourcing part of the manufacturing,, Sony was able to take advantage of less costly workforce in China and more efficient production facilities in USA. As a result, Sony has been able to avoid bureaucratic inefficiencies and reduce their cost of operation that arise from vertically integrate, and the resulting increased in global competitiveness. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010).Customer CountriesIn this case, Sony Corporations major customers, or target market are the home country itself, Japan, USA and Europe countries. The Japan market is accounted for 24.2% of Sony C orporations revenue small-arm USA market is accounted for 23.6%, Europe market for 25.7% and others modest customercountries for 26.5% (Sony.Net,2010). Evaluating the Entry mode of Sony Corporation, the company has ab initio chosen all owned subsidiaries as their strategy to enter the U.S market. More specifically, Sony Corporation practices Greenfield take a chances, by establishing manufacturing plants and retails stores in U.S. Sony Corporation first move was the establishment of a lesser television assembly plant in San Diego, California back in 1972. Sony then expanded and diversified its U.S operation by adding more production facilities in different region of U.S (Sony.com, 2011). In 1960, Sony Corporation of America (SONAM) was established in the United States to manage operation in U.S (Sony.com, 2011).Sony Corporations initial entry to U.S. market was facilitated by the unfavorable exchange rate amidst yen and dollars at that particular period of time, and also the U.S government policies that encouraged foreign investment (SonyNet-history, 2011).Similar scenario happened in Europe, where Sony Corporation initially enter the Europe market by Greenfield ventures, establishing operating firms such as Sony (U.K.) Ltd in United Kingdom, Sony G.m.b.H.in Germany and so on. This strategy proved to be near because this entry mode allowed Sony to protect their technological competence and gives Sony the ability to engage in global strategic coordination. However, the drawback is that this method of entry can be very costly. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 482, 2010) After establishing firms and production facilities in foreign market, Sony Corporation further strengthen their position by juncture ventures with Tektronic Inc from U.S and Ericsson in Sweden, which later on has been wholly acquired by Sony (Sony.com, 2011). Besides that, Sony Corporation has also established bullnecked distribution network, by having retail stores and d istributors passim the U.S and Europe region.Through the establishment of operating firms in foreign market and join ventures with local companies, Sony Corporation has managed to get closer and understand the demand and preference of consumers in the U.S and Europe market. Consumers in the USA and EU are generally technologically savvy and have always been demanding innovative technological products The income per capita for US is 47199 US dollars and research shows that the highest technology expenditure for households in US is at around $94 per month ( Huffingpost.com, 2011). They are certainly unstrained to spend more on technologically products (Accenture, 2010). By understanding these preferences and demand of consumers in USA and Europe, Sony Corporation is able to design and produce innovative products that satisfied consumers, hence achieving the global competitive advantage.Partner CountriesAccording to Daniel.F.Spulber (2007), the features of partner countries are high ly useful in determining the potential section that the business and its partner will bring to the joint activities. single of Sony Corporations most beneficial and strategic alliances is their partnership with Koreas Samsung. Sony and Samsung overlap complementary technology that would benefit each other. Sony was able to utilize Samsungs knowledge and technology to make LCD, which is critical for the large flat adorn TVs that were in high demand. Samsungs skills were complementary to Sonys since they were tuned to computer displays while Sony brought TV display knowledge (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), one of the benefits of strategic alliance is the share of cost and risk. This is certainly the case for the Sony-Samsung joint venture. The Sony-Samsung Joint venture set up a manufacturing facility in Tangjung, South Korea (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007).The joint venture helped Sony and Samsung save significant cost in R&D and manufacturing and help ed the companies gain substantial economies of scale in manufacturing (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). By communion ideas between both companies, product innovation is enhanced, allowing Sony to boost its global sales of flat-panel TVs (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). In order to keep up with advances in digital technologies that was impulsive innovations in the global market, Sony and Samsung agreed to share patents for a variety of technologies-13,000 patents from Sony and 11,000 patents from Samsung (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). Another successful alliance for Sony Corporation is the research joint venture between IBM and Toshiba. This particular joint venture had developed the Cell chip that supply the Sony PlayStation 3 (SonyNet, 2011).The companies split the high development costs and employed engineers around the world. Besides that, Sony Corporations joint venture with Ericsson from Sweden allowed Sony to enter the fluid communication industry in Europe, which later expanded to Asia wit h the name of Sony Ericsson. Sonys successful alliance with global companies like Samsung, IBM and Ericsson has allowed Sony to produce and design innovative products with high quality. Besides that, joint venture with Ericsson allowed Sony to understand Europes market condition better which smoothen their entry to Europe market and all these have helped Sony to achieve global competitive advantage.Competitor CountriesOne of Sony Corporations major competitors is LG Electronics. LG Electronics is a Korean-based company that sells electronic products such as televisions, mobile phone, Air conditioners, Home appliances and a lot more. The features of LG Electronicss Home Country, South Korea, has played an important role in the companys business culture and global strategy. South Koreas government has set their goal to open new opportunities for the electronics industry and this has given LG Electronics an spare boost for expanding their market internationally (Frost-Sullivan, 2007), which is a treat to Sony Corporation in the global market. However, Koreans culture of high uncertainty scheme might be the reason they are less innovative, since LG Electronic employed their staffs from Korea, their products might not be as innovative as Japanese companies like Sony. As for LG Electronics supplier countries, their major suppliers are Hong Kong HuiChun Co.Ltd and Veise Electronic Co.Ltd from China mainland.Utilizing the labor of lower wages in China, the cost of production for LG electronics might be lower than other companies in the industry, which is a treat to Sony as well (GlobalSources, 2012). As for LG Electronics partner countries, LG Electronics has established strong alliance with multinational companies like Intel, Microsoft and Mozilla has given them the technological advantage to compete in the global market. These alliances have helped LG Electronics to overcome their lack of technological innovation in their home country. In order to compete with LG Electronics in the global market, Sony Corporation has initially practices the international strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill, an enterprise pursuing an international strategy is confronted with low cost pressures and low pressures for local responsiveness. These type of enterprise tend to focus product development at home but tend to establish manufacturing and marketing function in each major country or geographical region in which they do business (Charles W.L.Hill, 2010).This is initially the case for Sony Corporation, who started their entry to foreign market in such pattern. By modify R&D in Japan, Sony entered foreign market by establishing manufacturing plant and operating firms in USA, Europe and other Asia countries. However, as the cost pressure and pressure for local responsiveness increases, Sony Corporation has change to multinational strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), a firm that pursue a transnational strategy is trying to simultaneously ac hieve low costs through location economies, economies of scale, and learning effects differentiate their product offering across geographic markets to account for local differences and foster a multidirectional flow of skills between different subsidiaries in the firms global network of operations.By partnering with strong suppliers in China and USA, economics of scale can be achieved. Besides that, multidirectional flow of technological skills and knowledge from different subsidiaries, such as Sony Ericsson in Sweden, and the Samsung-Sony joint venture in South Korea and so on is also happening constantly. However, such strategy is so difficult to implement that Sony Corporation has faced some negative impact, having too high cost referable to differentiation of product in different market.ConclusionAs a conclusion, by applying the Spulbers Star Analysis, Sony Corporation was able to achieve global competitive advantage in the global market. By using their strong foundation in Jap an, where they receive not only support from government but also the culture, knowledge and infrastructure, Sony successfully expanded their business worldwide. political economy of scale has been achieved with the help of strong suppliers from mainland China and USA. Sony was able to enter their customers countries easily with joint ventures with local firms and Greenfield ventures. Using the instruction pull together they managed to understand the demand and consumer preferences of each market.Sony further strengthens their positions in the global market with help from their strong alliances such as IBM, Ericsson, and Samsung and so on. Evaluating the function of Star Analysis, such analysis is fairly useful for international managers to plan their strategy. By studying the features of the home, suppliers, customers, partners and competitors countries, the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a organization can be found and this information can be use to help the o rganization achieve global competitive advantage. For example, the SWOT of Sony has been identified after applying the Star Analysis. Therefore, international managers should practice Star Analysis before implementing their global strategy.ReferenceCharles W.L.Hill (2010). International Business, Competing in the global marketplace. 8th ed. New York McGraw-Hill. pg181-183, pg255, pg405-407, pg487-489, pg556-560.Spulber, F.Daniel (2007). Global Competitive Strategy. London Cambridge University Press. pg 134-150.Michele Masterson. (2009). Sony Says bye to 1250 Suppliers. News, Analysis, and Perspective for Vars and Technology integrators. 13 (2), pg23-24Bob Ferrari. (2011). Sonys Supply Chain Remains in Turmoil. Supply Chain Strategy. 12 (5), pg 5-6. Anon.(2011).Partner&Supplier.Availablehttp//www.sony.net/Products/felica/business/partners/index.html. finally accessed 29th Feb 2012.Anon. (2010). Sony said to be outsourcing production of high-end LCDs, Foxconn and Wistron get the nod. Available http//www.engadget.com/2010/10/18/sony-said-to-be-outsourcing-production-of-high-end-lcds-foxconn/. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012Anon. (2011). Sony Supply Chain Solution. Available http//www.sonyscs.co.jp/english/index.html. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012Anon.(2011).SonyCorporateHistory.Availablehttp//www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/history.html. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012. Anon. (2011). LG Suppliers. Available http//www.globalsources.com/manufacturers/LG.html. Last accessed 28th Feb 2012. Anon. (2007). judicature Policies Set to Position South Korea Among the Worlds Top industrial Nations . Available http//www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?Src=RSS&docid=103675273top. Last accessed 28th Feb 2012.

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 & 18 Study Guide Essay

1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, ample Britain permitted spectral toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This farming was significantly freer than any other atomic number 63an nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? wide Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the suppuration influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential well-disposed force c alled what? public opinion 5. Written by Voltaire in face and novelr translated to French, this take p pass ond the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French club. What is this books title? Letters on the English 6. Philosophies criticized the Christian per cast of characters for many a(prenominal) things, but not for what? Taking too limited a role in national politics.7. The two major points in the Dei sts gospel were what? The belief in an laterlife dependent upon ones sublunary actions and the existence of a rational God. 8. Which of the followers figures came closest to atheism in their religious thinking? Baron dHolbach 9. According to Ethics, the most known of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him. Who was this? de Spinoza 10. This 18th century philosopher was known as the Jewish Socrates. Who is this man? Mendelssohn 11. dad and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuous religion because of its teaching that heaven was a place of esthetical delights. What is this religion? Islam 12. The Encyclopedia did what? secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 13. He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied captious analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just. Who is this? Marquis Cesare Beccaria 14. offer Smit h advocated what? The ending of Englands mercantile system.15. According to Smith, g all overnment should appropriate what? Schools, armies, navies and roads. 16. According to Smiths four-stage theory, human societies moved from where to where? Barbarism to culture 17. The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in what nation? France 18. He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature. Who is he? Rousseau 19. Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, selfish goals. Who is this? John Locke 20. Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment favored what? the extension of European empires across the world 21. herder is famous for his early views concerning what? cultural relativism22. The philosophies generally were not what? avid feminists 23. He maintained that women were no t naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his observations concerning the esteem placed on womens appearance and the prejudice women met as they aged. Who was he? Montesquieu 24. Which of the quest styles of graphics utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light? Rococo 25. Which of the future(a) styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the antiquated world? Neoclassicism 26. Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than emotional and their subject emergence usually concerned what? Public life or public morals. 27. He was a strong crowned headist who in 1759 published a invoice of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, which declared, Peter was born, and Russia was formed Who verbalize this? Voltaire 28. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II make enlightened reforms as component of th eir drive to do what? Increase revenues and gain political support.29. This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism included all of the following rulers Maria Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, Catherine II 31. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following limited the add together of labor the nobility could demand from peasants established a very good tax system expanded primary education created central councils to hatful with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility35. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what newly independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The French parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was creditworthy for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to have a bun in the oven regardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The parliament of Paris declared that lone(prenominal) the_______________ could establish new taxes. Estates General 40. The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of what group? The Nobility 41. By the following way the grandeur attempted to limit the influence of the Third Estate. What is this attempt? They demanded that each dry land have an equal number of representatives 42. The cahiers de doleances presented to the king included all of the followi ng grievances Government waste, corruption, indirect taxes, and the hunting rights of the aristocracy.43. The Tennis Court Oath refers to an ban taken by what party? internal Assembly to give France a constitution 44. Throughout the winter and spring of 1789, the high prices for what commodity produced many riots? Bread 45. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was proclaimed by what group? the National Constituent Assembly 46. During the Great Fear what happened? Peasants reclaimed rights and property they had woolly-headed to aristocratic resurgence. 47. Which of the following best describes the form of government pursued by the National Constituent Assembly? constitutional monarchy 48. According to the suffrage stipulations of the physical composition of 1791, approximately how many of Frances 25 million citizens were qualified to right to vote? 50,00049. The Chapelier Law did what? forbade workers associations 50. The Roman Catholic Church condemned the _________ ________________. French Revolution 51. The following statement about the Jacobins are not true they were the most ultraconservative political group in the National Constituent Assembly 52. The boundary sans culottes was used in revolutionary France to refer to what? Workers 53. The sans culottes wanted what above all else? Democracy 54. Louis XVI was condemned to death on the charge of what? Conspiring against the liberty of the people. 55. As Prime Minister of England, William Pitt the Younger did what? Suppressed reform AND popular movements 56. The following best summarizes Edmund Burkes view of the French Revolution He believed it was shortsighted and politically ignorant57. By April 1793, the following countries were at state of war with France Spain, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia 58. Issued in August of 1793, the lvee en masse was a what? military requisition on the entire population 59. By late 1794, the French army was the _______________________ in European histor y. Largest army 60. The core pass judgment of the republic of virtue created by the revolution was what? Public good over private good 61. The following was not part of the ideology embraced by Maximilien de Robespierre? Embrace Christianity 62. Many victims of the Reign of Terror were subject to what humane form of execution? Guillotine63. The Law of 22 Prairial, passed on June 10 of 1794, permitted the _________ __________________________ without strong evidence. conviction of counterrevolutionaries 64. The Thermidorian reaction resulted in all of the following a close in back from the radical revolution a new constitution the law of closure of the Paris Jacobin Club the reduction of the political power of the sans culottes 65. The Bands of Jesus did what? polish off suspected Jacobins 66. The following best summarizes the comparison of freedoms exercised by women before 1789 versus after 1795? Women had more freedom before 1789 67. The French Revolution has often been consid ered a victory of what group? Bourgeoisie 68. The Treaties of Basel in March and June 1795 concluded peaceableness with whom? Spain and Prussia

Soil Behaviour and Geotechnical Modelling

(a) Discuss advantages and limitations of Dun crapper and Changs model.Duncan and Changs model assumes a hyperbolic underline- punctuate intercourse and was developed based on triaxial soil tests. The original model assumes a constant Poissons ratio while the revised model accommodates the variation of Poissons ratio by means of nidus-dependent Poissons ratio or stress-dependent bulk modulus.The Duncan-Chang model is opportune in analyzing many practical problems and is simple to set up with quantity triaxial compression tests. When tri-axial test results atomic number 18 non available, model parameters are in addition abundantly available in literatures. It is a simple yet evident enhancement to the Mohr-Coulomb model. In this respect, this model is preferred over the Mohr-Coulomb model.However, it has its limitations, including, (i) the intermediate jumper cable stress s2 is non accounted for (ii) results may be unreliable when extensive misadventure occurs (iii) it d oes not consider the volume variety show receivable to changes in cut back stress (shear dilatancy) (iv) input parameters are not fundamental soil properties, barely only empirical values for limited range of conditions. (v) the model is in the main intended for quasi-static analysis.(b) Discuss advantages and limitations of Yin and Grahams KGJ model.Yin and Grahams KGJ model is formed using data from isotropic consolidation tests and consolidated undrained triaxial tests with pore-water system pressure measurement. It provides functional expressions for , , , and relationships in soils.In Duncan and Changs model for triaxial stress conditionsmay cause volume strain ( dis emphasis and compression)may cause shear strain.Whereas Yin and Grahams KGJ modelThus the volume change and shear strain was taken into account, which is an improvement to Duncan and Changs model. The limitation of Yin and Grahams KGJ model may exist in the determination of the parameter and the analyzableit y of its calculation.(c) Discuss the take issueences amid rubberlike models and hypo-elastic models.For soils, the behavior depend on the stress path followed. The thorough deformation of such materials can be decomposed into a recoverable collapse and an irrecoverable part. Hypo catch constitutes a generalized growingal law in which the behaviour can be simulated from step-up to increment rather than for the good load or stress at a time. In hypoelasticity, the increment of stress is express as a function of stress and increment of strain. The Hypoelastic concept can provide simulation of organic behaviour in a smooth manner and hence can be use for hardening or softening soils.Hypoelastic models can be considered as adjustment of analogue elastic models. However, it may incrementally reversible, with no coupling between volumetric and deviatoric responses and is path-independent.5.2 Use sketches to explain the physical (geometric) meaning of all 7 parameters (only 5 i ndependent) in a cross-anisotropic elastic soil model (). participate 5.1 Parameters in cross-anisotropic elastic model Youngs modulus in the attestational direction Youngs modulus in the tied(p) of deposition Poissons ratio for straining in the plane of deposition due to the stress acting in the direction of deposition Poissons ratio for straining in the direction of deposition due to the stress acting in the plane of deposition Poissons ratio for straining in the plane of deposition due to the stress acting in the similar plane Shear modulus in the plane of the direction of deposition Shear modulus in the plane of deposition.imputable to symmetry requirements, only 5 parameters are independent.Assignment 6 (Lecture 6 Elasto- pliable behaviour)6.1(a) pardon and discuss (i) rejoin, (ii) yield criterion, (iii) potential surface, (iv) flow dominion, (v) customaryity, (vi) consistency condition.(i) The yield strength or yield point of a material is delimitate in engineering and materials science as the stress at which a material begins to deform tractileally. Prior to the yield point the material forget deform elastically and go forth return to its original shape when the employ stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. In the uniaxial situations the yield stress indicates the onset of plastic straining. In the multi-axial situation it is not sensible to talk about a yield stress. Instead, a yield function is defined which is a scalar function of stress and extract parameters.(ii) A yield criterion, often expressed as yield surface, or yield locus, is an hypothesis concerning the limit of elasticity under any combination of stresses. There are both interpretations of yield criterion one is purely mathematical in taking a statistical approach while other(a) models attempt to provide a justification based on established physical principles. Since stress and strain are tensor qualities they can be described on the basis of tether principal directions, in the fount of stress these are denoted by , and .(iii) potential difference surface is the segment of a plastic potential surface plan in principal stress space, as shown in form 6.1 (a). A two dimensional case was shown in manakin 6.1 (b).(iv) Flow pattern a scalar multiplier plastic potential function status of surface (a vector), not in the final comparability go out 6.1 malleable potential presentation(v) Assuming the plastic potential function to be the same as the yield function as a barely simplificationThe incremental plastic strain vector is past normal to the yield surface and the normality condition is said to apply.(vi) Having defined the fundamental ingredients of an elasto-plastic constitutional model, a relationship between incremental stresses and incremental strains hence can be obtained. When the material is plastic the stress state must(prenominal) satisfy the yi eld function. Consequently, on using the chain rule of differentiation, givesThis equation is known as the consistency equation or consistency condition.(b) explain and discuss the associate flow rule and non-associate flow rule and how the two rules affect the volumetric deformation and the bearing capacity of a level footing on sand. sometimes simplification can be applied by assuming the plastic potential function to be the same as the yield function (i.e. ). In this case the flow rule is said to be associated. The incremental plastic strain vector is then normal to the yield surface and the normality condition is said to apply. In the general case in which the yield and plastic potential functions differ (i.e. ), the flow rule is said to be non-associated. If the flow rule is associated, the constitutive matrix is symmetric and so is the planetary cruelty matrix. On the other go on, if the flow rule is non-associated both the constitutive matrix and the global stiffness mat rix become non-symmetric. The inversion of non-symmetric matrices is much more costly, both of terminal and computer time.As noted, it occurs in a special class of malleability in which the flow rule is said to be associated. Substitution of a symmetric for all elements in a finite element mesa, into the aggregation process, results in a symmetric global stiffness matrix. For the general case in which the flow rule is non-associated and the yield and plastic potential functions differ, the constitutive matrix is non-symmetric. When assembled into the finite element equations this results in a non- symmetric global stiffness matrix. The inversion of such a matrix is more complex and requires more computing resources, both memory and time, than a symmetric matrix. Some commercial programs are unable to deal with non-symmetric global stiffness matrices and, consequently, hold in the typo of plastic models that can be accommodated to those which have an associated flow rule.(c) Expl ain plastic strain hardening and plastic work hardening or softening.The state parameters, , are tie in to the accumulated plastic strains . Consequently, if there is a one-dimensional relationship between and so thatthen on substitution, a yearn with the flow rule, the unknown scalar,, cancels and A becomes determinant. If there is not a linear relationship between and , the differential ratio on the left hand side of the above equation is a function the plastic strains and indeed a function of . When substituted, along with the flow rule given, the As do not cancel and A becomes indeterminate. It is then not possums to evaluate the . In radiation diagram all strain hardening/softening models assume a linear relationship between the state parameters and the plastic strains .In this type of malleability the state parameters, are related to the accumulated plastic work, ,which is dependent on the plastic strains it can be shown, following a similar command to that parented above for strain hardening/softening plasticity, that as long as there is a linear relationship between the state parameters , and the plastic work, , the parameter defined becomes independent of the unknown scalar, , send indeed is determinant. If the relationship between and is not linear, become a function of and it is not possible to evaluate the constitutive matrix.6.2 Show steps to derive the elastic plastic constitutive matrix in (6.16).The incremental total strains can be split into elastic and plastic , componets. The incremental stress, are related to the incremental elastic strains, by the elastic constitutive matrixOr alternativelyCombining givesThe incremental plastic strains are related to the plastic potential function, via the flow rule. This can be written as substitute givesWhen the material is plastic the stress state must satisfy the yield function. Consequently, which, on using the chain rule of differentiation.This equation is known as the consistency equation. It can be rearranged to giveCombining, we can getWhere change againSo that6.3 The dimension of a slope is shown in Figure 6.2. Calculate the factor of gumshoe of the following cases(a) Without tautness crack, the properties of Soil (1) are kPa, , kN/m3 The properties of Soil (2) are kPa, , kN/m3 (no water table).(b) With tension crack modify with water, plagiarize the calculation in (a).(c) Without tension crack, the properties of Soil (1) are kPa, , kN/m3 (below water table) and kN/m3 (above water table) the properties of Soil (2) are kPa, , kN/m3 (below water table) and kN/m3 (above water table). Water table is shown.Figure 6.2 Dimension of the slope and water table(a)Figure 6.3 sham without tension crack or water tableFactor of Safety 1.498Figure 6.4 Results without tension crack or water tableFigure 6.5 baseball swing 1 Morgenstern-Price Method(b)Figure 6.6 Model with tension crack filled with waterFigure 6.7 Results with tension crack filled with waterThe safety factor 1. 406Figure 6.8 Slice 1 Morgenstern-Price Method(c)Figure 6.9 Model without tension crack but with water tableFigure 6.10 Results without tension crack but with water tableFactor of Safety 1.258Figure 6.11 Slice 1 Morgenstern-Price Method