The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is adjoin in the northbound-west by Afghanistan, north by the former USSR and China, east by India and south by the Arabian Sea. The Muslim state that emerged from calveition of British India on 14 August 1947 included an east wing comprising mainly the eastern fractional of Bengal province and parts of Assam. (The name Pakistan is specie representing Punjab, the Afghan border states, Kashmir, Sing and Baluchistan) For cardinal years Pakistan remained a dominion. It was announced an Islamic republic on 23 defect 1956.A federal parliamentary system functi matchlessd until-Field -Marshal Muhammad Ayub caravan inn seized power in a coup in October 1958. Ayub proclaimed a presidential system in the constitution of 1962 and g everywheren until March 1969, when he was deposed by Gen. Yahya caravanserai. In the first free elections in declination 1970, Zulfikar Ali Bhuttos Pakistan Peoples vary dominated the west, piece tribal sheik Mujibur Rahmans Awami League swept the board in the east, winning 160 of the 162 tin cans. East Pakistan proclaimed s overeignty and formed the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh on 26 Narcg 1971.Civil state of war followed after Yahya, support by Bhutto, ordered troops to trip up Mujib and put down the Bengali uprising. The east-west war ended in declination 1971. Yahya give over power to Bhutto, who ruled until July 1977, forwards being over-thrown after an opposition flow against alleged rigging in general elections. Gen. Zia-ul-Haq took over-initially to hold elections and transfer power to a civilian regime. But elections were twice postponed and Bhutto was time-tested for the murder of a political opposite and executed. Gen.Zia was killed in a plane gate-crash on August 17, 1988 and Senate Chairman Ghulam Ishaq caravan inn took over as Action President. The realm was placed under emergency rule. In the general election held on November 16,1998 the Pakistan Peoples Part (PPP) l ed by Benazir Bhutto won the largest consider of seats (92). Benazir assumed office as the PM on December 9. Ghulam Ishaq Khan was elected President on December 12. Benazir was brush aside in Aug. 90 and Nawaz Sharif of Islami Jamhoori Ittehed took over as Pakistans 11th undercoat Minister on November 5. Sharief was dismissed in 1993.The Supreme lawcourt annulled the dismissal leading to constitutional impasse. Moeen Qureshi took over as caretaker Prime Minister in July. PPP returned to power in Oct. 93 and Ms. Bhotto took over as PM once again. In Apr. 96, Imran Khan launched a newfound part Movement for Social Justice. In Nov. , Ms. Bhutto was dismissed as PM, the National Assembly dissolved, and M. M. Khalid decreed caretaker PM. On Feb. 17, 1997, Nawaz Sharif was sworn in as Pakistans 13th PM. Tensions between the military and PM Sharif ended in a coup by army chief. Gen. Pervez Musharraf on Oct. 12, 1999. Nawaz Sharif was by and by exiled to Saudi Arabia. e was convinced and sentenced to 25-year-long emotional state sentence on charges of hijacking and terrorism. Pakistan was hang up (Oct. 18, 19999) from the Commonwealth. A milestone in Indo-Pak relations was the Lahore bus ride by Indian PM Vajpayee in Feb. 1999. Ethnic and communal conflict that had been raging in Karachi increase in 1995. The Urdu-speaking Muhajirs are demanding equal rights and autonomy. in Jan-Aug, 97, over 150 persons were killed in Shia-Sunni violence, and at least 250 were shot dead in Karachi. In Aug. , government enacted a new law to combat the growing denominationalism and terrorism.Elections are to be held in Oct. 2002, as per Supreme judicature order and judgment. Kashmir Pakistan controls the Yankee and western portions of Kashmir, an theatre of operations of about 84,160 sq km with a population of about 2. 8m. in 1985. The pak-occupied Kashmir has its own Assembly, its own Council, High Court and Supreme Court. There is a parliamentary form of Government with a Prime Minister as the executive dealer and the President as the constitutional head. The seat of government is Muzaffarabad. The Pakistan Government is directly responsible for(p) for Gilgit and Baltistan (the north).On May 28, 1998, Pakistan tested five-spot thermonuclear devices and this was followed by a sixth one on May 3. Agriculture )including fo tranquilityry and fishing) is the sand of Pakistans economy, employing about 50% o the workings population and providing about 25% of the countrys stark(a) domestic product (GDP). The entire area in north and west is cover by great mountain ranges. The rest of the country consist soft a fertile plain wintered by five big rivers and their tributaries. Agriculture is dependent around entirely on the irrigation system ground on these rivers.The main crops are wheat, like wool, maize, sugar-cane and rice, while the Quetta and Kalat divisions (Baluchistan) are known for their fruits and dates. Pakistan is self-sufficient in whe at, rice and sugar. Industry employs about 10% of the population. Manufacturing contributes about 20% to GNP. Refined sugar, veggie products, jute textiles, soda ash, sulphur acid, caustic soda, check board and paper board, bicycles, cotton cloth, cotton yarn, cement and steel. Main exports are cotton cloth, cotton yarns, rice, leather, carpets and tapestries. There are transnational airports at Karachi, Islamabad, lahore, Peshwar and Quetta.